Surah Al-Fatiha ek Makki Surah hai aur yeh Nubuwwat ke bilkul ibtidayi (shuruati) daur mein Makkah mein nazil hui thi. Ise 'Umm-ul-Quran' (Quran ki Maa) kaha jata hai kyunki yeh pehli aisi Surah hai jo poori ek saath nazil hui aur poore Quran ka khulasa (essence) apne andar rakhti hai. Jab yeh nazil hui, us waqt Musalmano ko ibadat ke liye ek mukammal dua ke alfaz sikhaye gaye the jo Namaz ka lazmi hissa ban gayi. Is Surah ki theme 'Dua' aur 'Hidayat ki Talab' hai; yeh banday aur Rab ke darmiyan ek mukalma (dialogue) hai. Isme sabse pehle Allah ki Hamd-o-Sana (tareef) bayan ki gayi hai, phir yeh commitment liya gaya hai ke hum sirf Teri hi ibadat karte hain aur Tujh hi se madad maangte hain. Aakhri hisse mein sabse ahem dua mangi gayi hai ke hamein 'Sirat-e-Mustaqeem' (Seedha Rasta) dikha—woh rasta jo Inam-yafta logon ka hai, na ke un logon ka jo bhatak gaye ya jin par ghazab hua.
Surah 1 : 1
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ
Allah ke naam se jo nihayat meharban, raham karne wala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 1 : 2
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَۙ
Tamam tareefein Allah ke liye hain jo tamam jahano ka Rab hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ki be-shumar tareef aur shukr bayan kiya gaya hai. 'Alhamdulillah' ka matlab hai ke har qism ki tareef, shukr aur sana sirf Allah ke liye hai, kyunke woh har kamal aur khoobi ka malik hai. Wohi zaat hai jisne har cheez ko paida kiya, uski parwarish ki aur usko qayam rakha. 'Rabbil Aalameen' ka matlab hai ke Allah Ta'ala sirf insano ka hi nahi, balke tamam jahano, yani zameen, aasman, aur unke darmiyan maujood har makhlooq ka Rab, malik, paalne wala aur nigehban hai. Is mein Allah ki wahdaniyat aur uski qudrat-e-kamilah ka izhar hai.
Surah 1 : 3
الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِۙ
Jo nihayat meharban, raham karne wala hai.
Surah Fatiha mein Allah Ta'ala ki sifatein Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim ka dobara zikr uski rehmat ki azmat aur shiddat ko zahir karta hai. Pehli ayat mein Bismillah ke sath in sifaton ka zikr ibtida-e-kalam mein barkat ke liye tha, jabke yahan Allah ki tareef ke baad inka zikr uski rehmat ko uski rububiyat ka lazmi juz (part) batata hai. Allah ki rehmat uski zaat ka bunyadi pehlu hai, jo uski tamam makhlooq par musalsal barasti rehti hai. Is dobara zikr se yeh bhi wazeh hota hai ke Allah ki rehmat uske ghazab par ghalib hai, aur woh apne bando par nihayat meharban aur raham karne wala hai.
Surah 1 : 4
مٰلِكِ یَوْمِ الدِّیْنِؕ
Badle ke din (Qayamat) ka malik hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ki ek aur azeem sifat bayan ki gayi hai ke woh 'Maliki Yawmid Deen' hai, yani badle ke din ka malik. 'Yawmid Deen' se murad Qayamat ka din hai, jis din har amal ka hisab liya jayega aur har shakhs ko uske aamal ka badla diya jayega. Us din Allah Ta'ala ki badshahat mutlaq hogi, aur koi bhi uske hukm ke bagair kuch nahi kar sakega. Is baat ka iqrar insaan ko apni zindagi mein aamal ki jawabdehi ka ehsas dilata hai aur use gunahon se bachne aur nekiyan karne ki targheeb deta hai. Yeh is baat ki bhi daleel hai ke insaf ka nizam sirf Allah ke paas hai.
Surah 1 : 5
اِیَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَ اِیَّاكَ نَسْتَعِیْنُؕ
Hum sirf teri hi ibadat karte hain aur sirf tujhi se madad mangte hain.
Yeh ayat Tawhid (Allah ki wahdaniyat) ka markazi usool bayan karti hai. 'Iyyaka Na'budu' ka matlab hai ke hum apni tamam ibadatein, jaise namaz, roza, dua, aur Allah ke ahkamat ki pairwi, sirf aur sirf Allah ke liye khaas karte hain. Uske siwa kisi aur ki ibadat nahi karte. 'Wa Iyyaka Nasta'een' ka matlab hai ke hum apni har hajat, mushkil aur har kaam mein sirf Allah Ta'ala se madad talab karte hain. Yeh is baat ka iqrar hai ke har qism ki quwwat, taaqat aur madad ka sarchashma sirf Allah hai. Is ayat mein ibadat aur madad talab karne ko sirf Allah ke liye khaas karna shirk ki nafi karta hai aur Musalman ke aqeede ki bunyad hai.
Surah 1 : 6
اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ
Hamein seedhi raah dikha.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala se seedhi raah (Sirat al-Mustaqeem) ki hidayat talab ki ja rahi hai. Yeh dua har musalman apni namaz ki har rakat mein mangta hai. Sirat al-Mustaqeem woh rasta hai jo insaan ko Allah ki raza aur jannat tak le jata hai. Is se murad woh deen-e-Islam hai jo Allah ne apne bandon ke liye pasand farmaya.
Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas'ood (R.A) se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah (SAW) ne farmaya: "Sirat al-Mustaqeem Allah ki kitab hai." (Tirmidhi). Iska matlab hai ke Quran-e-Kareem aur Nabi Akram (SAW) ki sunnat hi woh seedhi raah hai jis par chal kar insaan kamyabi hasil kar sakta hai. Yeh rasta har qism ki gumrahi, bid'at aur shirk se paak hai. Is raah par chalne wala duniya aur akhirat mein falah pata hai. Is dua mein Allah se musalsal hidayat aur us par sabit qadmi ki iltija hai.
Surah 1 : 7
صِرَاطَ الَّذِیْنَ اَنْعَمْتَ عَلَیْهِمْ غَیْرِ الْمَغْضُوْبِ عَلَیْهِمْ وَ لَا الضَّآلِّیْنَ
Un logon ki raah jin par tu ne in'aam kiya, unki nahi jin par tera ghazab hua aur na gumrahon ki.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki wazahat hai, jismein Sirat al-Mustaqeem ki mazeed tafseel bayan ki gayi hai. Ismein un logon ki raah ki nishandahi ki gayi hai jin par Allah ne in'aam farmaya. Quran-e-Kareem Surah An-Nisa, Ayat 69 mein in in'aam yafta logon ki wazahat ki gayi hai: "Aur jo Allah aur Rasool ki itaat karein, woh un logon ke saath honge jin par Allah ne in'aam kiya hai, ya'ni Anbiya, Siddiqeen, Shuhada aur Saliheen."
Phir un logon se bachne ki dua sikhayi gayi hai jin par Allah ka ghazab nazil hua (Maghdoobi alayhim) aur jo gumrah hue (Dhaalleen). Ahadees aur tafseeri aqwal ke mutabiq, Maghdoobi alayhim se murad woh log hain jinhon ne haq ko pehchanne ke bawajood us se inkar kiya aur uski mukhalifat ki, jaise ke Yahood. Jabke Dhaalleen se murad woh log hain jo ilm na hone ki wajah se raah-e-haq se bhatak gaye, jaise ke Nasara. Yeh dua hamein sahih raah par chalne aur har qism ki gumrahi se bachne ki talqeen karti hai.
