Surah Al-Mumtahina ek Madani Surah hai aur iska nuzool Fatah-e-Makkah se pehle hua tha. Is Surah ki Markazi Theme 'Dushmanan-e-Islam se talluqat' aur 'Momineen ki wafa-dari' hai. Surah ka naam us imtihaan (test) se liya gaya hai jo un musalman auraton ka liya jata tha jo Makkah se hijrat kar ke Madinah aati thin. Ahkam aur naseehatein yeh hain: Surah ki shuruaat mein Momineen ko sakhti se mana kiya gaya hai ke woh Allah aur uske Rasool ke dushmanon ko apna raaz-daar dost na banayein, kyunki woh Haq ke munkir hain. Ismein Hazrat Ibrahim {عَلَيْهِ اَللَّسَلَامُ} ki behtareen misaal di gayi hai ke unhone apni mushrik qaum se saaf keh diya tha ke hamara aur tumhara koi talluq nahi jab tak tum ek Allah par imaan na lao. Surah mein yeh wazeh kiya gaya hai ke Allah un logon ke saath husn-e-sulook aur insaf karne se mana nahi karta jo tumse deen ke mamle mein nahi lade aur na hi tumhein gharon se nikala, balkeh Allah sirf unse dosti karne se rokta hai jo Islam ke khilaf jung karte hain. Aakhir mein Nabi Kareem {صَلَّى اَللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ} ko hukm diya gaya ke jab imaan wali auratein Aap ke paas baia't (oath) ke liye aayein, to unse shirk, chori, bad-kariyaan aur bohtan na lagane ka waada lein.
Surah 60 : 0
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah ke Naam se, jo bada Meherbaan, Nihayat Reham waala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 60 : 1
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَتَّخِذُوْا عَدُوِّیْ وَ عَدُوَّكُمْ اَوْلِیَآءَ تُلْقُوْنَ اِلَیْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَ قَدْ كَفَرُوْا بِمَا جَآءَكُمْ مِّنَ الْحَقِّ یُخْرِجُوْنَ الرَّسُوْلَ وَ اِیَّاكُمْ اَنْ تُؤْمِنُوْا بِاللّٰهِ رَبِّكُمْ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِیْ سَبِیْلِیْ وَ ابْتِغَآءَ مَرْضَاتِیْ تُسِرُّوْنَ اِلَیْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَ اَنَا اَعْلَمُ بِمَاۤ اَخْفَیْتُمْ وَ مَاۤ اَعْلَنْتُمْ وَ مَنْ یَّفْعَلْهُ مِنْكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِیْلِ
Aye imaan walo! Mere aur apne dushmano ko dost na banao, tum unki taraf mohabbat ka paigham bhejte ho, jabke woh us haq ka inkar kar chuke hain jo tumhare paas aaya hai. Woh Rasool (ﷺ) ko aur tumko is wajah se nikalte hain ke tum apne Rab Allah par imaan rakhte ho. Agar tum meri raah mein jihad karne aur meri raza talab karne nikle ho (to aisa na karo). Tum unki taraf chupke se mohabbat ka paigham bhejte ho, jabke main khoob janta hoon jo tum chhupate ho aur jo zahir karte ho. Aur tum mein se jo koi aisa karega, woh yaqeenan seedhi raah se bhatak gaya.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala imaan walon ko sakhti se mana farma rahe hain ke woh Allah aur apne dushmano ko dost na banayen. Yeh woh log hain jinhone haq ka inkar kiya aur Rasool (ﷺ) aur Sahaba-e-Kiram ko sirf is wajah se Makka se nikal diya ke woh Allah par imaan laye the. Allah Ta'ala farmate hain ke tum unki taraf mohabbat ke paigham bhejte ho, jabke woh tumhare khilaf hain.
Yeh ayat Hazrat Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah (رضی اللہ عنہ) ke waqiye ke pas manzar mein nazil hui, jinhone Makka fatah se pehle quraish ko Nabi Akram (ﷺ) ki aamad ki khabar dene ki koshish ki thi. Is waqiye se yeh wazeh hota hai ke imaan aur kufr ke darmiyan dosti qaim karna Islam ke bunyadi usoolon ke khilaf hai. Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke woh har us cheez ko janta hai jo tum chhupate ho aur jo zahir karte ho. Jo koi bhi aisa karega, woh seedhi raah se bhatak jayega.
Sahih Bukhari (4890) aur Muslim (2494) mein Hatib (رضی اللہ عنہ) ka waqiya tafseel se bayan hua hai, jismein Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ne unki is ghalti ko unki badri hone ki wajah se maaf farmaya, lekin is amal ki shiddat ko wazeh kiya.
Surah 60 : 2
اِنْ یَّثْقَفُوْكُمْ یَكُوْنُوْا لَكُمْ اَعْدَآءً وَّ یَبْسُطُوْۤا اِلَیْكُمْ اَیْدِیَهُمْ وَ اَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالسُّوْٓءِ وَ وَدُّوْا لَوْ تَكْفُرُوْنَ
Agar woh tum par qaboo pa len to tumhare dushman ban jayenge aur burai ke saath tumhari taraf apne haath aur apni zubanein badhayenge, aur woh chahte hain ke tum bhi kafir ho jao.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki mazeed wazahat hai, jo imaan walon ko dushmano se dosti na rakhne ki wajah batati hai. Allah Ta'ala farmate hain ke agar yeh kafir tum par ghalib aa jayen ya unko tum par qaboo mil jaye, to woh tumhare khule dushman ban jayenge. Woh tumhare khilaf apne haath (yani taaqat aur zulm) aur apni zubanein (yani bad-goi, ghibat aur tohmat) istemal karne se zara bhi nahi hichkichayenge.
Unki dushmani sirf zahiri takleefat tak mehdood nahi, balkay unki sab se badi khwahish yeh hai ke tum bhi kufr ikhtiyar kar lo. Woh chahte hain ke tum apne deen se phir jao aur unki tarah kafir ban jao. Is se wazeh hota hai ke unki dushmani sirf siyasi ya dunyawi nahi, balkay bunyadi taur par deeni hai. Isliye, imaan walon ko hamesha unki fitrat se ba-khabar rehna chahiye aur unse dosti karne se parhez karna chahiye jo unke deen aur imaan ko nuqsan pahunchana chahte hain.
Surah 60 : 3
لَنْ تَنْفَعَكُمْ اَرْحَامُكُمْ وَ لَاۤ اَوْلَادُكُمْ یَوْمَ الْقِیٰمَةِ یَفْصِلُ بَیْنَكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ بَصِیْرٌ
Tumhare rishtedar aur tumhari auladein qiyamat ke din tumhare kuch kaam na aayengi. Allah tumhare darmiyan faisla karega. Aur Allah tumhare amaal ko khoob dekhne wala hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala qiyamat ke din ki haqeeqat bayan farma rahe hain, jahan dunyawi rishtey aur naate koi faida nahi denge. Farmaya gaya ke tumhare rishtedar aur tumhari auladein, jin ki khatir shayad tum dushmano se dosti ka rishta qaim karne ka soch sakte ho, qiyamat ke din tumhare kisi kaam nahi aayengi. Us din har shakhs apne amaal ka zimmedar hoga aur koi kisi ka bojh nahi uthayega.
Qiyamat ke din Allah Ta'ala hi tumhare darmiyan faisla farmaega, aur har ek ko uske amaal ke mutabiq jaza ya saza dega. Is ayat ka maqsad imaan walon ko yeh yaad dilana hai ke unki asal wafadari Allah aur uske deen ke saath honi chahiye, na ke un rishton ke saath jo Allah ke ahkamat ki mukhalifat mein hon. Allah Ta'ala tumhare tamam amaal ko khoob dekhne wala hai, chahe woh zahiri hon ya poshida. Isliye, har amal Allah ki raza ke liye hona chahiye, na ke rishton ya dunyawi mafadat ki khatir.
Surah 60 : 4
قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ اُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِیْۤ اِبْرٰهِیْمَ وَ الَّذِیْنَ مَعَهٗ اِذْ قَالُوْا لِقَوْمِهِمْ اِنَّا بُرَءٰٓؤُا مِنْكُمْ وَ مِمَّا تَعْبُدُوْنَ مِنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ وَ بَدَا بَیْنَنَا وَ بَیْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَ الْبَغْضَآءُ اَبَدًا حَتّٰى تُؤْمِنُوْا بِاللّٰهِ وَحْدَهٗۤ اِلَّا قَوْلَ اِبْرٰهِیْمَ لِاَبِیْهِ لَاَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَ مَاۤ اَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللّٰهِ مِنْ شَیْءٍ رَبَّنَا عَلَیْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَ اِلَیْكَ اَنَبْنَا وَ اِلَیْكَ الْمَصِیْرُ
Yaqeenan tumhare liye Ibraheem (علیہ السلام) aur unke saathiyon mein behtareen namoona hai, jab unhone apni qaum se kaha: "Hum tum se aur un cheezon se bezaar hain jin ki tum Allah ke siwa ibadat karte ho. Humne tumhara inkar kiya aur hamare aur tumhare darmiyan hamesha ke liye dushmani aur bugz zahir ho gaya jab tak tum sirf Allah wahdahu par imaan na lao." Siwaye Ibraheem (علیہ السلام) ke apne baap se is qaul ke: "Main tumhare liye maghfirat talab karunga, aur main Allah ki taraf se tumhare liye kisi cheez ka ikhtiyar nahi rakhta." (Phir unhone dua ki): "Aye hamare Rab! Humne tujh par bharosa kiya, aur teri taraf ruju kiya, aur teri hi taraf lautna hai."
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne Hazrat Ibraheem (علیہ السلام) aur unke saathiyon ko imaan walon ke liye behtareen namoona (Uswah Hasanah) qarar diya hai. Unhone apni mushrik qaum se khule aam bezaari ka izhar kiya aur unke batil maboodon ki ibadat se inkar kiya. Unhone wazeh kar diya ke unke aur mushrikon ke darmiyan hamesha ke liye dushmani aur bugz qaim ho gaya hai, jab tak ke woh sirf Allah wahdahu par imaan na layen.
Yeh is baat ki daleel hai ke imaan aur kufr ke darmiyan koi samjhauta nahi ho sakta. Taham, is mein Hazrat Ibraheem (علیہ السلام) ke apne baap se kiye gaye waade ka zikr hai ke woh unke liye maghfirat talab karenge. Yeh waada unhone is ummeed par kiya tha ke shayad unka baap imaan le aaye, lekin jab un par wazeh ho gaya ke unka baap Allah ka dushman hai, to woh us se bezaar ho gaye. (Surah At-Tawbah 9:113-114)
Ayat ke ikhtitam par Hazrat Ibraheem (علیہ السلام) aur unke saathiyon ki dua bayan ki gayi hai: "Aye hamare Rab! Humne tujh par bharosa kiya, aur teri taraf ruju kiya, aur teri hi taraf lautna hai." Yeh dua Allah par mukammal tawakkal aur uski taraf inabat (ruju) ka izhar hai, jo har imaan wale ke liye misali hai.
Surah 60 : 5
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِیْنَ كَفَرُوْا وَ اغْفِرْ لَنَا رَبَّنَا اِنَّكَ اَنْتَ الْعَزِیْزُ الْحَكِیْمُ
Aye hamare Rab! Humein un logon ke liye fitna na bana jo kafir hain, aur aye hamare Rab! Humein bakhsh de. Beshak tu hi zabardast hikmat wala hai.
Yeh ayat Hazrat Ibraheem (علیہ السلام) aur unke saathiyon ki dua ka silsila jari rakhti hai. Woh Allah Ta'ala se iltija karte hain: "Aye hamare Rab! Humein un logon ke liye fitna na bana jo kafir hain." Is dua ke kai maani ho sakte hain:
1. Humein aisi aazmaish mein na daal jiske sabab kafir hum par ghalib aa jayen aur yeh samajhne lagen ke unka tareeqa sahih hai, ya woh hum par zulm kar ke humein deen se phira den.
2. Humein aise gunahon mein mubtala na kar jin ki wajah se kafir humare deen ka mazaaq urayen ya humari kamzoriyon ko Islam ki kamzori samjhen.
3. Humein unke liye fitne ka sabab na bana, yaani humari wajah se woh mazeed gumrahi mein na paden.
Is dua ke baad woh apni maghfirat talab karte hain aur Allah Ta'ala ki sifaton ka zikr karte hain: "Beshak tu hi zabardast (Al-Azeez) hikmat wala (Al-Hakeem) hai." Yeh is baat ka iqrar hai ke Allah Ta'ala har cheez par ghalib hai aur uske har kaam mein hikmat posheeda hai. Is dua mein Allah ki qudrat aur hikmat par mukammal yaqeen ka izhar hai, aur yeh sikhaya gaya hai ke mushkilat mein Allah hi se madad talab karni chahiye.
Surah 60 : 6
لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِیْهِمْ اُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَنْ كَانَ یَرْجُوا اللّٰهَ وَ الْیَوْمَ الْاٰخِرَ وَ مَنْ یَّتَوَلَّ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ هُوَ الْغَنِیُّ الْحَمِیْدُ
Beshak tumhare liye un mein behtareen namoona hai, us shakhs ke liye jo Allah aur Qayamat ke din ki umeed rakhta ho. Aur jo koi munh morega, to beshak Allah hi be-niyaz, qabil-e-tareef hai.
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala ne Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) aur unke sathiyon ko musalmanon ke liye ek behtareen namoona (uswa hasana) qarar diya hai. Yeh namoona khaas taur par mushrikon aur Allah ke dushmanon se be-ta'alluqi ikhtiyar karne mein hai, jaisa ke pichli Ayaton mein zikr kiya gaya. Unhone apne qareebi rishtedaron aur qaum se bhi sirf Allah ki raza ke liye kinara kashi ikhtiyar ki thi, jab unhone tauheed ko qabool karne se inkar kar diya.
Yeh uswa hasana un logon ke liye hai jo Allah aur Qayamat ke din par yaqeen rakhte hain aur unki jaza ke talabgar hain. Is se zahir hota hai ke deen ke mamle mein kisi bhi rishte ya dosti par Allah ki mohabbat aur uske ahkamat ko tarjeeh dena lazim hai. Jo koi is hukm se munh morega aur dushmanan-e-deen se dosti rakhega, to usse Allah ko koi nuqsan nahi, kyunke Allah Ta'ala be-niyaz aur qabil-e-tareef hai, use kisi ki parwah nahi.
Surah 60 : 7
عَسَى اللّٰهُ اَنْ یَّجْعَلَ بَیْنَكُمْ وَ بَیْنَ الَّذِیْنَ عَادَیْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ مَّوَدَّةً وَ اللّٰهُ قَدِیْرٌ وَ اللّٰهُ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ
Qareeb hai ke Allah tumhare aur un logon ke darmiyan jin se tumne dushmani ki thi, mohabbat paida kar de. Aur Allah qudrat wala hai, aur Allah bakhshne wala, nihayat meherban hai.
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala musalmanon ko ek umeed afza khabar de rahe hain ke qareeb hai ke woh unke aur un logon ke darmiyan mohabbat paida kar de jin se unki dushmani thi. Yeh Ayah us waqt nazil hui jab musalmanon ko mushrikon se be-ta'alluqi ka hukm diya gaya tha, lekin is mein Allah ki rahmat aur qudrat ka pehlu bhi bayan kiya gaya hai.
Is se muraad woh log hain jo baad mein Islam qabool kar lenge. Jab woh Islam mein dakhil ho jayenge, to unki dushmani dosti mein badal jayegi. Iski misal Fateh Makkah ke baad dekhi ja sakti hai, jab bahut se mushrik Islam le aaye aur unki dushmani mohabbat mein tabdeel ho gayi. Allah Ta'ala ki qudrat par koi cheez ghalib nahi aa sakti, woh dilon ko badalne par qadir hai. Woh Ghafoor (bakhshne wala) aur Raheem (nihayat meherban) hai, jo tauba karne walon ko maaf kar deta hai aur un par apni rahmat nazil karta hai.
Surah 60 : 8
لَا یَنْهٰىكُمُ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الَّذِیْنَ لَمْ یُقَاتِلُوْكُمْ فِی الدِّیْنِ وَ لَمْ یُخْرِجُوْكُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِكُمْ اَنْ تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَ تُقْسِطُوْۤا اِلَیْهِمْ اِنَّ اللّٰهُ یُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِیْنَ
Allah tumhe un logon se nahi rokta jinhone tumse deen ke mamle mein jung nahi ki aur na tumhe tumhare gharon se nikala, ke tum unke saath neki karo aur insaf karo. Beshak Allah insaf karne walon ko pasand karta hai.
Yeh Ayah musalmanon ko ghair Muslimon ke saath ta'alluqat ke bare mein wazeh hidayat deti hai. Allah Ta'ala farmate hain ke woh tumhe un ghair Muslimon se neki karne aur insaf ka bartao karne se nahi rokta jinhone tumse deen ke mamle mein jung nahi ki aur na tumhe tumhare gharon se nikala. Is Ayah se zahir hota hai ke Islam aman aur insaf ka deen hai, aur woh ghair Muslimon ke saath bhi achhe sulook ki taleem deta hai jo musalmanon ke khilaf dushmanana rawaiya nahi rakhte.
Neki (birr) se muraad achha sulook, khair khwahi aur madad karna hai, jabke insaf (qist) se muraad har mamle mein adl aur barabari ka bartao karna hai. Allah Ta'ala insaf karne walon ko pasand karta hai, chahe woh insaf musalmanon ke darmiyan ho ya ghair Muslimon ke saath. Is Ayah ka nuzool us waqt hua jab musalmanon ko dushman mushrikon se be-ta'alluqi ka hukm diya gaya tha, to is Ayah ne wazahat ki ke yeh hukm har ghair Muslim ke liye nahi hai, balkay sirf unke liye hai jo dushman hain.
Surah 60 : 9
اِنَّمَا یَنْهٰىكُمُ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الَّذِیْنَ قٰتَلُوْكُمْ فِی الدِّیْنِ وَ اَخْرَجُوْكُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِكُمْ وَ ظٰهَرُوْا عَلٰۤى اِخْرَاجِكُمْ اَنْ تَوَلَّوْهُمْ وَ مَنْ یَّتَوَلَّهُمْ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ
Allah tumhe sirf un logon se dosti karne se rokta hai jinhone tumse deen ke mamle mein jung ki aur tumhe tumhare gharon se nikala aur tumhare nikalne mein madad ki. Aur jo koi unse dosti karega, to wahi zalim hain.
Pichli Ayah ke bar-aks, yeh Ayah wazahat karti hai ke Allah Ta'ala kin ghair Muslimon se dosti aur ittihad karne se mana farmate hain. Yeh mumani'at un logon ke liye hai jinhone musalmanon se deen ki bunyad par jung ki, unhein unke watan se be-dakhal kiya, aur unke be-dakhal karne mein madad ki. Aise logon se dosti ya ittihad karna sakhti se mana hai, kyunke yeh Islam aur musalmanon ke liye khatarnak ho sakta hai.
Tawalli (dosti ya ittihad) se muraad sirf zahiri dosti nahi, balkay unki himayat karna, unke saath razamand hona, aur unke maqasid mein unka sath dena bhi shamil hai. Jo koi aise dushmanon se dosti karega, to Allah Ta'ala ne unhein zalim qarar diya hai. Is hukm ka maqsad musalmanon ko un dushmanon se bachana hai jo unke deen aur jaan ke dushman hain, aur unki safon mein ikhtilaf aur kamzori paida karne ki koshish karte hain. Islam mein dushman aur ghair dushman ghair Muslimon ke darmiyan wazeh farq kiya gaya hai.
Surah 60 : 10
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنٰتُ مُهٰجِرٰتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوْهُنَّ اَللّٰهُ اَعْلَمُ بِاِیْمَانِهِنَّ فَاِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوْهُنَّ مُؤْمِنٰتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوْهُنَّ اِلَى الْكَفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَ لَا هُمْ یَحِلُّوْنَ لَهُنَّ وَ اٰتُوْهُمْ مَّاۤ اَنْفَقُوْا وَ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیْكُمْ اَنْ تَنْكِحُوْهُنَّ اِذَاۤ اٰتَیْتُمُوْهُنَّ اُجُوْرَهُنَّ وَ لَا تُمْسِكُوْا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَ سْئَلُوْا مَاۤ اَنْفَقْتُمْ وَ لْیَسْئَلُوْا مَاۤ اَنْفَقُوْا ذٰلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللّٰهِ یَحْكُمُ بَیْنَكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌ حَكِیْمٌ
Aye imaan walon! Jab tumhare paas momina auraten hijrat karke aayen, to unka imtehan lo. Allah unke imaan ko khoob janta hai. Phir agar tum unhein momina pao, to unhein kafiron ki taraf wapas na bhejo. Na woh unke liye halal hain aur na woh unke liye halal hain. Aur un (kafir shauharon) ko woh (mahr) de do jo unhone kharch kiya tha. Aur tum par koi gunah nahi ke tum unse nikah kar lo jab tum unhein unke mahr de do. Aur kafir auraton ko apni nikah mein na roko. Aur tum (kafir shauharon se) maango jo tumne kharch kiya aur woh (musalman shauharon se) maangen jo unhone kharch kiya. Yeh Allah ka hukm hai, woh tumhare darmiyan faisla karta hai. Aur Allah sab kuch janne wala, hikmat wala hai.
Yeh Ayah Sulh-e-Hudaybiyyah ke baad nazil hui, jab musalmanon aur mushrikon ke darmiyan ek mu'ahida hua tha. Is Ayah mein hijrat karke aane wali momina auraton ke bare mein ahkamat bayan kiye gaye hain. Jab koi aurat kafiron ke darmiyan se hijrat karke musalmanon ke paas aaye, to uske imaan ka imtehan liya jaye. Agarche Allah hi dilon ka haal janta hai, lekin zahiri imtehan se uski sachchai maloom ki jaye, maslan usse qasam li jaye ke woh sirf Allah aur uske Rasool ki mohabbat mein aayi hai, na ke kisi dunyawi maqsad ya shauhar se nafrat ki wajah se.
Agar woh imtehan mein sachi sabit ho aur momina paayi jaye, to use kafir shauharon ke paas wapas na bheja jaye, kyunke woh unke liye halal nahi aur na woh unke liye halal hain. Is surat mein, uske kafir shauhar ko woh mahr wapas kar diya jaye jo usne us par kharch kiya tha. Musalman mard in auraton se nikah kar sakte hain, bashart-e-ke unhein unka mahr ada karein. Isi tarah, musalman mard ko hukm diya gaya ke woh apni kafir biwiyon ko (jo Ahl-e-Kitab nahi) apne nikah mein na rokein, aur unse woh mahr wapas maang lein jo unhone un par kharch kiya tha. Yeh Allah ka hukm hai jo adl aur hikmat par mabni hai. Sahih Bukhari (2731) aur Muslim (1785) mein Sulh-e-Hudaybiyyah ke waqiye mein is hukm ka zikr milta hai.
Surah 60 : 11
وَ اِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَیْءٌ مِّنْ اَزْوَاجِكُمْ اِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَاٰتُوا الَّذِیْنَ ذَهَبَتْ اَزْوَاجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَاۤ اَنْفَقُوْاؕ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ الَّذِیْۤ اَنْتُمْ بِهٖ مُؤْمِنُوْنَ
Aur agar tumhari koi biwi kafiron ki taraf chali jaye aur tum badla lo (yaani unse jang karke ghanimat hasil karo), to jin logon ki biwiyan chali gayi hain, unko itna hi do jitna unhone kharch kiya tha. Aur Allah se daro jis par tum iman rakhte ho.
Is ayat mein us soorat-e-haal ka hukum bayan kiya gaya hai jab koi musalman aurat apne shohar ko chhod kar kuffar ke paas chali jaye. Agar aisa ho aur musalmanon ko kuffar se jang ke zariye ghanimat hasil ho, to hukumat par lazim hai ke un musalman mardon ko unke kharch kiye hue mehar ke barabar muawza dein jin ki biwiyan kuffar ke paas chali gayi hain. Yeh hukum isliye diya gaya taake musalmanon ko nuqsan na ho aur unke huqooq ki hifazat ho. Is mein adal aur insaf ka pehlu numaya hai.
Isi tarah, agar koi kafir aurat musalman ho kar hijrat kar ke musalmanon ke paas aa jaye, to uske kafir shohar ko bhi uske mehar ki raqam wapas ki jati thi, jaisa ke pichli ayat mein zikr hua. Yeh dono ahkam aman aur muahide ki riayat aur huqooq ki adaigi ke liye the. Ayat ke ikhtitam par Allah Ta'ala se taqwa ikhtiyar karne ka hukum diya gaya hai, jo is baat ki taraf ishara hai ke tamam ahkam mein Allah ka khauf aur uski raza shamil honi chahiye.
Surah 60 : 12
یٰۤاَیُّهَا النَّبِیُّ اِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنٰتُ یُبَایِعْنَكَ عَلٰۤى اَنْ لَّا یُشْرِكْنَ بِاللّٰهِ شَیْئًا وَّ لَا یَسْرِقْنَ وَ لَا یَزْنِیْنَ وَ لَا یَقْتُلْنَ اَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَ لَا یَاْتِیْنَ بِبُهْتَانٍ یَّفْتَرِیْنَهٗ بَیْنَ اَیْدِیْهِنَّ وَ اَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَ لَا یَعْصِیْنَكَ فِیْ مَعْرُوْفٍ فَبَایِعْهُنَّ وَ اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللّٰهَؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ
Aye Nabi! Jab tumhare paas iman wali aurtein bay'at karne aayen is baat par ke woh Allah ke sath kisi cheez ko shareek nahi karengi, aur na chori karengi, aur na zina karengi, aur na apni aulad ko qatl karengi, aur na koi buhtan layengi jo woh apne haathon aur pairon ke darmiyan ghadh lein, aur na kisi nek kaam mein tumhari nafarmani karengi, to unse bay'at le lo aur unke liye Allah se maghfirat talab karo. Beshak Allah bakhshne wala, nihayat meherban hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne Nabi Akram (SAW) ko hukm diya ke jab iman wali aurtein unse bay'at karne aayen to unse kin sharait par bay'at li jaye. Yeh sharait bunyadi Islami aqeede aur akhlaq par mushtamil hain. Sabse pehli shart Allah ke sath kisi ko shareek na karna hai, jo Tauheed ki bunyad hai. Dusri shart chori na karna, teesri zina na karna, aur chauthi apni aulad ko qatl na karna (jo jahiliyat mein aam tha, khususan ladkiyon ko zinda dafn karna) hai.
Panchwi shart buhtan na bandhna hai, khaas taur par woh buhtan jo apne haathon aur pairon ke darmiyan ghadha jaye, is se murad aksar ghalat nasab ka dawa karna ya kisi par zina ki jhooti tohmat lagana hai. Chhati shart Nabi (SAW) ki kisi nek kaam mein nafarmani na karna hai. Jab aurtein in sharait ka iqrar kar lein, to Nabi (SAW) ko hukm diya gaya ke woh unse bay'at lein aur unke liye Allah se maghfirat talab karein. Is mein Allah ki ghafur-o-raheem sifat ka zikr hai, jo uski bakhshish aur rehmat ki nishani hai.
Surah 60 : 13
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللّٰهُ عَلَیْهِمْ قَدْ یَئِسُوْا مِنَ الْاٰخِرَةِ كَمَا یَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ اَصْحٰبِ الْقُبُوْرِ۠
Aye iman walo! Un logon se dosti na karo jin par Allah ka ghazab nazil hua. Woh akhirat se isi tarah mayus ho chuke hain jaise qabron walon se kafir mayus ho chuke hain.
Is ayat mein iman walon ko sakhti se mana kiya gaya hai ke woh un logon se dosti na karein jin par Allah ka ghazab nazil hua hai. Is se murad woh log hain jinhon ne haq ko pehchanne ke bawajood inkar kiya aur Allah ke ahkam ki nafarmani ki, jiske natije mein woh Allah ki narazgi ke mustahiq bane. Aam taur par is se Yahoodiyon aur un jaise tamam kafiron ki taraf ishara hai jo Allah ke deen ke mukhalif hain.
Ayat mein unki mayusi ki wajah bayan ki gayi hai ke woh akhirat se isi tarah mayus ho chuke hain jaise kafir qabron walon se mayus ho chuke hain. Iska matlab yeh hai ke jis tarah kafir murdon ke dobara zinda hone aur hisab-kitab ka inkar karte hain, isi tarah yeh log bhi akhirat ke inkar ki wajah se uski jaza-saza se bilkul mayus ho chuke hain. Unke dil mein akhirat ka koi khauf nahi, isliye woh har burai karne par amada rehte hain. Aise logon se dosti karna iman walon ke liye hargiz jayaz nahi, kyunki unki sohbat iman ko kamzor karti hai aur unke bure asarat musalmanon par bhi murattab ho sakte hain.
