Surah Al-Juma ek Madani Surah hai aur iska nuzool Madinah ke us daur mein hua jab Musalmanon ki taleem aur tarbiyat ki sakht zaroorat thi. Is Surah ki Markazi Theme 'Nabi ki ba'sat (appointment) ka maqsad' aur 'Namaz-e-Jumu'ah ki ahmiyat' hai. Surah ki shuruaat mein Allah ki paki bayan ki gayi hai aur farmaya gaya ke Allah ne un-parh (Ummi) logon mein ek Rasool bheja jo unhein Allah ki aayat sunata hai, unka tazkiya (purification) karta hai aur unhein Kitab-o-Hikmat sikhata hai. Ahkam aur naseehatein yeh hain: Ismein Yahoodiyon ki misaal us gadhe se di gayi hai jis par kitabein ladi hon magar use unka koi ilm na ho, taake Musalmanon ko khabardar kiya jaye ke woh bhi sirf kitab ke hamil na banein balkeh us par amal bhi karein. Surah ke aakhir mein Jumu'ah ki azan hote hi tamam karobar aur khareed-o-faroakht chhor kar Allah ke zikr ki taraf daudne ka hukm diya gaya hai. Saath hi yeh naseehat ki gayi hai ke jab namaz poori ho jaye to zameen mein phail jao aur Allah ka fazl (rizq) talash karo, magar duniya ki mazaq aur tijarat ko Allah ke zikr par fauqiyat na do kyunki Allah behtareen rizq dene wala hai.
Surah 62 : 0
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah ke Naam se, jo bada Meherbaan, Nihayat Reham waala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 62 : 1
یُسَبِّحُ لِلّٰهِ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ مَا فِی الْاَرْضِ الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوْسِ الْعَزِیْزِ الْحَكِیْمِ
Allah ki tasbeeh karti hai har woh cheez jo aasmano aur zameen mein hai, woh Badshah, nihayat Paak, zabardast quwwat wala, hikmat wala hai.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ki azmat aur uski wahdaniyat ka zikr hai. Bataya gaya hai ke aasmano aur zameen mein maujood har cheez Allah ki tasbeeh karti hai. Yeh tasbeeh ya to zuban-e-haal se hoti hai ya zuban-e-qal se, jiska ilm sirf Allah ko hai. Har makhlooq apni fitrat ke mutabiq Allah ki paaki bayan karti hai.
Allah Ta'ala ko yahan Al-Malik (Badshah), Al-Quddus (nihayat Paak), Al-Aziz (zabardast quwwat wala), aur Al-Hakeem (hikmat wala) jaise sifati namon se pukara gaya hai. Al-Malik uski badshahat aur hukmarani ko zahir karta hai, Al-Quddus uski har aib se paaki aur kamalat ko bayan karta hai. Al-Aziz uski be-misal quwwat aur ghalbe ko darshata hai, jabke Al-Hakeem uski har cheez mein maujood behtareen tadbeer aur hikmat ko wazeh karta hai. Yeh sifatein Allah ki zaat aur uski qudrat ka mukammal izhar hain.
Surah 62 : 2
هُوَ الَّذِیْ بَعَثَ فِی الْاُمِّیّٖنَ رَسُوْلًا مِّنْهُمْ یَتْلُوْا عَلَیْهِمْ اٰیٰتِهٖ وَ یُزَكِّیْهِمْ وَ یُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتٰبَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ اِنْ كَانُوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِیْ ضَلٰلٍ مُّبِیْنٍ
Wohi hai jisne ummiyon mein unhi mein se ek Rasool bheja, jo unpar uski Aayatein padhta hai, aur unko paak karta hai, aur unko Kitab aur Hikmat sikhata hai, jabke isse pehle woh khuli gumrahi mein the.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne apne Rasool Muhammad ﷺ ki risalat aur uske maqasid bayan farmaye hain. Allah ne ummiyon (yani aise log jo likhna padhna nahi jante the, khaas taur par Arab) mein unhi mein se ek Rasool bheja. Is baat mein unke liye ek izzat aur qurbat thi ke Rasool unhi ki qaum se the.
Nabi ﷺ ke teen bunyadi faraiz ka zikr hai: pehla, Allah ki Aayatein padhna taake log haqiqat se waqif hon; doosra, unko paak karna (tazkiya) shirk, kufr, aur akhlaqi buraiyon se; aur teesra, unko Kitab (Quran) aur Hikmat (Sunnat) ki taleem dena. Yeh sab is haal mein hua jabke isse pehle woh log khuli gumrahi aur jahalat mein mubtala the. Nabi ﷺ ki tashreef aawari unke liye Allah ki taraf se ek bahut bada ehsan aur rehmat thi, jisne unki zindagi ko mukammal taur par badal diya.
Surah 62 : 3
وَّ اٰخَرِیْنَ مِنْهُمْ لَمَّا یَلْحَقُوْا بِهِمْ وَ هُوَ الْعَزِیْزُ الْحَكِیْمُ
Aur doosron mein se bhi (unhi ki taraf bheja hai) jo abhi tak unse nahi mile hain. Aur wohi zabardast quwwat wala, hikmat wala hai.
Yeh Ayat pichli Ayat ka takmila hai aur Nabi Akram ﷺ ki risalat ke dayre ko wazeh karti hai. Ismein bataya gaya hai ke Allah Ta'ala ne Rasool ﷺ ko sirf un ummiyon ke liye nahi bheja jo aapke zamane mein maujood the, balki un doosre logon ke liye bhi bheja hai jo abhi tak unse nahi mile hain. Isse murad woh log hain jo qiyamat tak aane wale hain aur Nabi ﷺ ki ummat ka hissa banenge, chahe woh kisi bhi nasl, rang ya ilaqe se talluq rakhte hon.
Is Ayat mein Islam ki aafaqiyat aur Nabi ﷺ ki risalat ki alamgeer shakhsiyat ko bayan kiya gaya hai. Aap ﷺ ki taleemat aur hidayat sirf ek khaas waqt ya qaum tak mehdood nahi, balki har zamane aur har jagah ke logon ke liye hain. Ayat ke ikhtitam par phir Allah Ta'ala ki sifatein Al-Aziz (zabardast quwwat wala) aur Al-Hakeem (hikmat wala) dohrayi gayi hain, jo is baat ki daleel hain ke yeh sab Allah ki qudrat aur uski behtareen hikmat ka hissa hai.
Surah 62 : 4
ذٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللّٰهِ یُؤْتِیْهِ مَنْ یَّشَآءُ وَ اللّٰهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِیْمِ
Yeh Allah ka fazal hai, woh jise chahta hai use deta hai. Aur Allah bade fazal wala hai.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ke fazal aur uske ikhtiyar-e-mutlaq ka zikr hai. Pichli Ayaton mein Nabi ﷺ ki risalat aur ummat par unke ehsanat ka bayan tha. Ab is Ayat mein wazeh kiya ja raha hai ke nubuwwat, hidayat, aur deen ki samajh jaisi ne'matein sirf Allah ke fazal se milti hain. Yeh kisi ki apni mehnat ya istehqaq ka nateeja nahi, balki Allah ki marzi aur uski ata par munhasir hai.
"Yeh Allah ka fazal hai, woh jise chahta hai use deta hai." Is jumle se zahir hota hai ke Allah Ta'ala apni hikmat aur ilm ke mutabiq jise chahta hai, use hidayat aur deen ki samajh ata farmata hai. Ismein kisi ko koi aitraz ka haq nahi. Allah Ta'ala ki zaat "bade fazal wali" hai, uske fazal ki koi had nahi. Woh apni makhlooq par be-inteha meherbani aur karam karta hai, aur uske fazal se hi insaan ko duniya aur akhirat ki kamyabi naseeb hoti hai.
Surah 62 : 5
مَثَلُ الَّذِیْنَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرٰىةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ یَحْمِلُوْهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ یَحْمِلُ اَسْفَارًا بِئْسَ مَثَلُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِیْنَ كَذَّبُوْا بِاٰیٰتِ اللّٰهِ وَ اللّٰهُ لَا یَهْدِی الْقَوْمَ الظّٰلِمِیْنَ
Un logon ki misaal jinpar Taurat ka bojh dala gaya, phir unhone usko na uthaya, us gadhe ki misaal ki tarah hai jo kitabein ladha hua ho. Buri misaal hai un logon ki jinhone Allah ki Aayaton ko jhutlaya. Aur Allah zalim qaum ko hidayat nahi deta.
Is Ayat mein un logon ki misaal bayan ki gayi hai jinhe Allah ki kitab di gayi, magar unhone us par amal nahi kiya. Khaas taur par ismein Yahudiyon ki taraf ishara hai jinhe Taurat di gayi thi. Unki misaal ek gadhe ki tarah di gayi hai jo kitabein ladha hua ho. Gadha un kitabon ka bojh to uthata hai, magar unke ilm aur hikmat se be-khabar rehta hai. Isi tarah, Yahudiyon ne Taurat ko padha, uski hifazat ki, magar uske ahkamat par amal nahi kiya aur usmein maujood Nabi Akram ﷺ ki basharaton ko chhupa diya.
Yeh misaal un logon ke liye ek sabaq hai jo ilm to hasil karte hain magar us par amal nahi karte. Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke "buri misaal hai un logon ki jinhone Allah ki Aayaton ko jhutlaya." Aayaton ko jhutlana sirf inkar karna nahi, balki un par amal na karna bhi unko jhutlane ke mutradif hai. Aakhir mein farmaya gaya ke "Allah zalim qaum ko hidayat nahi deta," yani jo log haq ko jante hue bhi usse munh modte hain aur us par zulm karte hain, Allah unhe hidayat ki taufeeq nahi deta.
Surah 62 : 6
قُلْ یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ هَادُوْۤا اِنْ زَعَمْتُمْ اَنَّكُمْ اَوْلِیَآءُ لِلّٰهِ مِنْ دُوْنِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِیْنَ
Keh dijiye: "Aye yahudiyo! Agar tum guman karte ho ke tum hi Allah ke dost ho doosre logon ke bajaye, to maut ki tamanna karo agar tum sacche ho."
Is ayah mein Allah Ta'ala yahudiyon ko challenge de rahe hain. Woh da'wa karte the ke woh Allah ke khaas dost hain aur jannat unhi ke liye hai, jabke doosre log is martabe se mehroom hain. Allah Ta'ala unke is da'we ko jhoota saabit karne ke liye farmate hain ke agar woh waqai Allah ke dost hain aur unhein aakhirat mein behtareen anjaam ki umeed hai, to unhein maut se darna nahi chahiye. Balkay, unhein maut ki tamanna karni chahiye, kyunki ek sacha dost apne mehboob se milne ka mushtaq hota hai. Yeh challenge unke da'we ki jhooti hone ki daleel hai, kyunki woh maut se sakhti se gurez karte the.
Surah 62 : 7
وَ لَا یَتَمَنَّوْنَهٗۤ اَبَدًۢا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ اَیْدِیْهِمْ١ؕ وَ اللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌۢ بِالظّٰلِمِیْنَ
Aur woh hargiz uski tamanna nahi karenge un aamaal ki wajah se jo unke haathon ne aage bheje hain, aur Allah zalimon ko khoob jaanta hai.
Pichli ayah mein diye gaye challenge ke baad, is ayah mein Allah Ta'ala khud hi is baat ki khabar de rahe hain ke yahudi kabhi maut ki tamanna nahi karenge. Iski wajah unke woh bure aamaal aur gunah hain jo unhone apni zindagi mein kiye hain. Unhein maloom hai ke unke gunah, Allah ke ahkamaat ki mukhalifat, aur Rasoolullah (SAW) ki nabuwat ka inkar unhein aakhirat mein sakht azab ka mustahiq banayega. Isi liye woh maut se ghabrate hain aur usse bhagne ki koshish karte hain. Allah Ta'ala unke zulm aur unke dilon ke raaz se bakhabar hain aur woh zalimon ke anjaam ko khoob jaanta hai.
Surah 62 : 8
قُلْ اِنَّ الْمَوْتَ الَّذِیْ تَفِرُّوْنَ مِنْهُ فَاِنَّهٗ مُلٰقِیْكُمْ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّوْنَ اِلٰى عٰلِمِ الْغَیْبِ وَ الشَّهَادَةِ فَیُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ۠ ۧ ۧ
Keh dijiye: "Beshak woh maut jisse tum bhagte ho, woh tumse mil kar rahegi. Phir tum us zaat ki taraf lautaye jaoge jo ghaib aur hazir ka jaanne wala hai, phir woh tumhe batayega jo kuch tum karte the."
Is ayah mein Allah Ta'ala insaan ko maut ki haqeeqat se aagah kar rahe hain. Chahe koi kitna bhi maut se bhagne ki koshish kare, woh usse bach nahi sakta. Maut har insaan ko aa kar rahegi aur usse mil kar rahegi. Iske baad sab ko Allah Ta'ala ke huzoor pesh hona hai, jo har zahir aur poshida cheez ka ilm rakhte hain. Allah Ta'ala ghaib aur hazir ka jaanne wala hai, yani har us cheez ka ilm rakhta hai jo logon se chupi hui hai aur jo unke saamne hai. Wahan har shakhs ko uske aamaal ka hisab dena hoga aur uske mutabiq jaza ya saza milegi. Yeh ayah maut ki yaqeeniyat aur aakhirat ki tayyari ki taraf tawajjuh dilati hai.
Surah 62 : 9
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا نُوْدِیَ لِلصَّلٰوةِ مِنْ یَّوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا اِلٰى ذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ وَ ذَرُوا الْبَیْعَ١ؕ ذٰلِكُمْ خَیْرٌ لَّكُمْ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُوْنَ
Aye imaan walo! Jab Jum'a ke din namaz ke liye azan di jaye, to Allah ke zikr ki taraf daudo aur khareed-o-farokht chhod do. Yeh tumhare liye behtar hai agar tum jaante ho.
Is ayah mein Allah Ta'ala musalmanon ko Jum'a ki namaz ki ahmiyat aur uske adab sikha rahe hain. Jab Jum'a ke din namaz ke liye azan ho jaye, to har musalman par lazim hai ke woh apni tamam dunyawi mashghooliyat, khaas kar tijarat, ko chhod kar Allah ke zikr (namaz aur khutba) ki taraf daude. Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke yeh amal unke liye behtar hai, kyunki is mein dunyawi aur ukhrawi dono fawaid hain. Jum'a ki namaz ki fazilat bahut zyada hai aur is mein musalmanon ka ijtema'a (jama hona) unki ittehad ki alamat hai. Is waqt tijarat aur har woh kaam jo namaz se ghafil kare, haram ho jata hai.
Hadees: Rasoolullah (SAW) ne farmaya: "Jisne Jum'a ke din ghusl kiya, aur jaldi masjid gaya, aur khutba suna, aur koi laghw baat na ki, to uske do Jum'on ke darmiyan ke gunah maaf kar diye jate hain." (Sahih Bukhari: 883, Sahih Muslim: 857)
Surah 62 : 10
فَاِذَا قُضِیَتِ الصَّلٰوةُ فَانْتَشِرُوْا فِی الْاَرْضِ وَ ابْتَغُوْا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللّٰهِ وَ اذْكُرُوا اللّٰهَ كَثِیْرًا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ
Phir jab namaz poori ho jaye, to zameen mein phail jao aur Allah ka fazal talash karo, aur Allah ko kasrat se yaad karo taake tum kamyab ho jao.
Jum'a ki namaz ki adayegi ke baad, Allah Ta'ala musalmanon ko ijazat dete hain ke woh apne dunyawi kaam kaj ke liye zameen mein phail jayen aur Allah ke fazal (rizq) ko talash karein. Yeh is baat ki daleel hai ke Islam rahbaniyat (duniya se kinara kashi) ka mazhab nahi, balkay kaam karne aur halal rizq kamane ki targheeb deta hai. Lekin iske saath hi yeh bhi hukm diya gaya hai ke Allah ko kasrat se yaad rakhein. Allah ka zikr har haal mein zaroori hai, chahe woh kaam ke dauran ho ya faraghat mein. Is tarah Allah ko yaad rakhne se hi asal kamyabi aur falah hasil hoti hai, jo duniya aur aakhirat dono mein hai. Zikr-e-Ilahi se dilon ko sukoon milta hai aur barkat hasil hoti hai.
Surah 62 : 11
وَ اِذَا رَاَوْا تِجَارَةً اَوْ لَهْوَا اِ۟نْفَضُّوْۤا اِلَیْهَا وَ تَرَكُوْكَ قَآئِمًاؕ قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ خَیْرٌ مِّنَ اللَّهْوِ وَ مِنَ التِّجَارَةِؕ وَ اللّٰهُ خَیْرُ الرّٰزِقِیْنَ
Aur jab woh koi tijarat ya khel dekhte hain, to uski taraf lapakte hain aur aapko khada chhod dete hain. Keh dijiye, jo Allah ke paas hai woh khel aur tijarat se behtar hai. Aur Allah sabse behtar rozi dene wala hai.
Yeh ayat ek khaas waqiye ki taraf ishara karti hai jab Madina mein Juma ke din Rasoolullah ﷺ khutba de rahe the. Isi dauran ek tijarti qafla shehar mein dakhil hua ya koi khel ka samaan aaya. Log, apni dunyawi zaruriyat ya dilchaspi ki wajah se, Rasoolullah ﷺ ko khutba dete hue chhod kar us tijarat ya khel ki taraf lapak gaye. Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala unke is amal par tanbeeh farma rahe hain aur musalmanon ko Juma ki namaz aur khutbe ki ahmiyat samjha rahe hain.
Allah Ta'ala farmate hain ke jo kuch Allah ke paas hai, woh har qism ke khel aur tijarat se behtar hai. Is se murad Allah ki raza, uske ajr-o-sawab, aur akhirat ki ne'matein hain jo fani dunyawi faidon se kahin zyada qeemti aur baqi rehne wali hain. Juma ki namaz aur khutba sunna Allah ke zikr aur uski ibadat ka hissa hai, jismein bepanah barkatein aur sawab hai. Dunyawi mashghooliyat agarche zaroori hain, lekin jab woh Allah ke farz se takraen to Allah ke farz ko tarjeeh dena wajib hai.
Ayat ka ikhtitam is baat par hota hai ke Allah sabse behtar rozi dene wala hai. Iska matlab hai ke rizq ki talash mein Allah ke ahkamat ko nazar andaz karna ghalat hai. Jo shakhs Allah par bharosa rakhta hai aur uske ahkamat ki pabandi karta hai, Allah uske rizq mein barkat deta hai aur uski zarooriyat ko poora karta hai. Yeh ayat musalmanon ko dars deti hai ke woh apni dunyawi zindagi mein bhi Allah ki raza aur akhirat ki kamyabi ko apni awwaleen tarjeeh banayen.
