Surah Al-Munafiqun (Munafiq log) ek Madani Surah hai jo khaas taur par munafiqeen ke kirdar aur unki sazhishon ko benaqab karne ke liye nazil hui. Is Surah ki Markazi Theme 'Nifaq (hypocrisy) ki haqeeqat' aur 'Dunya ki daldal se bachna' hai. Surah ki shuruaat mein bataya gaya hai ke munafiqeen apni jhooti qasmon ko dhaal (shield) banate hain taake woh logon ko Allah ke raste se rok sakein. Ahkam aur naseehatein yeh hain: Ismein munafiqeen ki nishaniyan bayan ki gayi hain ke unke jism aur baatein dekhne aur sunne mein achi lagti hain magar unke dil khali hain aur woh har zor ki awaz ko apne khilaf samajhte hain. Allah ne farmaya ke izzat sirf Allah, Uske Rasool aur Momineen ke liye hai, magar munafiq is baat ko nahi jante. Surah ke aakhir mein Momineen ko sabaq diya gaya hai ke tumhara maal aur tumhari aulad tumhein Allah ke zikr se ghafil na kar dein, warna tum nuksan uthane walon mein se ho jaoge. Saath hi maut aane se pehle Allah ki raah mein kharch karne ki takeed ki gayi hai, kyunki jab maut ka waqt aa jata hai to Allah kisi ko mohlat nahi deta.
Surah 63 : 0
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah ke Naam se, jo bada Meherbaan, Nihayat Reham waala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 63 : 1
اِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُنٰفِقُوْنَ قَالُوْا نَشْهَدُ اِنَّكَ لَرَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ وَ اللّٰهُ یَعْلَمُ اِنَّكَ لَرَسُوْلُهٗ وَ اللّٰهُ یَشْهَدُ اِنَّ الْمُنٰفِقِیْنَ لَكٰذِبُوْنَۚ
Jab munafiqeen aap ke paas aate hain to kehte hain, "Hum gawahi dete hain ke beshak aap Allah ke Rasool hain." Aur Allah jaanta hai ke beshak aap uske Rasool hain, aur Allah gawahi deta hai ke beshak munafiqeen jhoote hain.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala munafiqeen ki haqeeqat ko wazeh kar raha hai. Jab woh Nabi Akram ﷺ ke paas aate the, to apni zuban se iqrar karte the ke aap Allah ke Rasool hain. Unka yeh iqrar sirf zubani tha, dil se woh is par yaqeen nahi rakhte the. Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke Allah jaanta hai ke aap ﷺ uske Rasool hain, is mein koi shaq nahi. Lekin Allah Ta'ala yeh bhi gawahi deta hai ke munafiqeen apne is daawe mein jhoote hain ke woh dil se aap ﷺ ki risalat par imaan rakhte hain.
Unki gawahi sirf dikhawa thi taake woh musalmanon mein shamil reh kar apne dushmani maqasid poore kar sakein. Unka yeh amal unke nifaq aur bad-niyati ko zahir karta hai. Allah Ta'ala ne unke jhoot ko wazeh kar ke musalmanon ko unki fitrat se aagah kiya hai.
Surah 63 : 2
اِتَّخَذُوْۤا اَیْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوْا عَنْ سَبِیْلِ اللّٰهِ اِنَّهُمْ سَآءَ مَا كَانُوْا یَعْمَلُوْنَ
Unhone apni qasmon ko dhaal bana rakha hai, phir (uske zariye) Allah ke raaste se rokte hain. Beshak kya bura hai jo woh karte hain.
Munafiqeen apni jhooti qasmon ko ek dhaal (shield) ke taur par istemal karte the. Jab un par koi ilzam lagaya jaata ya unke nifaq ka shaq hota, to woh foran Allah ki qasmein kha kar apni be-gunahi sabit karne ki koshish karte the. Is tarah woh musalmanon ki nazar mein apni jagah banaye rakhte the aur apne asal iradon ko chhupate the.
Is dhaal ke zariye woh logon ko Allah ke raaste se rokte the. Woh Islam ke khilaaf sazish karte, musalmanon mein phoot daalte, aur unhein jihad se rokne ki koshish karte the. Unka yeh amal nihayat bura aur Allah ki narazgi ka sabab tha. Allah Ta'ala ne unke is bure amal ki mazammat ki hai, jo unki andaruni khabasat aur Islam dushmani ko zahir karta hai.
Surah 63 : 3
ذٰلِكَ بِاَنَّهُمْ اٰمَنُوْا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوْا فَطُبِعَ عَلٰى قُلُوْبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا یَفْقَهُوْنَ
Yeh is wajah se hai ke woh imaan laaye phir kufr kiya, to unke dilon par mohar laga di gayi, isliye woh samajhte nahi.
Is Ayat mein munafiqeen ke nifaq ki bunyadi wajah aur uske nateejay ko bayan kiya gaya hai. Unka yeh haal isliye hua ke pehle woh zubani taur par imaan laaye, ya kam az kam imaan ka izhar kiya, lekin phir unhone apne dilon mein kufr ko jagah di aur Islam se phir gaye. Jab insaan haq ko jaan kar usse inkar karta hai aur nifaq ikhtiyar karta hai, to Allah Ta'ala uske dil par mohar laga deta hai.
Dilon par mohar lagne ka matlab yeh hai ke unke dil haq baat ko qabool karne aur samajhne ki salahiyat kho dete hain. Woh hidayat ki taraf raghib nahi hote aur na hi naseehat se faida uthate hain. Is wajah se woh sahih baat ko samajh nahi paate aur gumrahi mein bhatakte rehte hain. Yeh unke apne ikhtiyar کردہ kufr aur nifaq ka anjaam hai.
Surah 63 : 4
وَ اِذَا رَاَیْتَهُمْ تُعْجِبُكَ اَجْسَامُهُمْ وَ اِنْ یَّقُوْلُوْا تَسْمَعْ لِقَوْلِهِمْ كَاَنَّهُمْ خُشُبٌ مُّسَنَّدَةٌ یَحْسَبُوْنَ كُلَّ صَیْحَةٍ عَلَیْهِمْ هُمُ الْعَدُوُّ فَاحْذَرْهُمْ قٰتَلَهُمُ اللّٰهُ اَنّٰى یُؤْفَكُوْنَ
Aur jab aap unhein dekhte hain to unke jism aapko pasand aate hain, aur agar woh baat karein to aap unki baat sunte hain. Goya woh lakri ke sahare hue kunde hain. Woh har cheekh ko apne khilaaf samajhte hain. Wohi dushman hain, pas unse hoshiyar rahiye. Allah unhein ghaarat kare, woh kahan behkay ja rahe hain?
Is Ayat mein munafiqeen ki zahiri shakal-o-surat aur unki batini haqeeqat ka tafseeli naqsha khincha gaya hai. Jab Nabi Akram ﷺ unhein dekhte the, to unke jism aur qadd-o-qaamat aapko pasand aate the, yaani woh zahiran khush-numa aur ba-roab nazar aate the. Aur jab woh baat karte the, to unki guftagu itni dilkash hoti thi ke aap unki baat tawajjuh se sunte the.
Lekin unki haqeeqat yeh thi ke woh lakri ke sahare hue kunde ki tarah the, jin mein koi jaan ya asal faida nahi hota. Woh andar se khokhale aur be-himmat the. Unki kamzori aur buzdili ka aalam yeh tha ke woh har cheekh ya aawaz ko apne khilaaf samajhte the, har waqt khaufzada rehte the. Allah Ta'ala ne wazeh farmaya ke wohi asal dushman hain, isliye unse hoshiyar rehna chahiye. Allah unhein halak kare, woh haq se kis taraf behkay ja rahe hain?
Surah 63 : 5
وَ اِذَا قِیْلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا یَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ لَوَّوْا رُءُوْسَهُمْ وَ رَاَیْتَهُمْ یَصُدُّوْنَ وَ هُمْ مُّسْتَكْبِرُوْنَ
Aur jab unse kaha jaata hai ke aao, Allah ke Rasool tumhare liye maghfirat talab karein, to woh apne saron ko pher lete hain aur aap unhein dekhte hain ke woh ruk jaate hain aur woh takabbur karte hain.
Is Ayat mein munafiqeen ki ek aur bad-tareen sifat ka zikr hai, jo unke takabbur aur haq se inkar ko zahir karti hai. Jab unhein dawat di jaati thi ke aao, Allah ke Rasool ﷺ tumhare gunahon ki maghfirat ke liye Allah se dua karein, to woh is paishkash ko thukra dete the. Woh apne saron ko pher lete the, yaani be-rukhi aur ghurur ka muzahira karte the.
Aap ﷺ unhein dekhte the ke woh is dawat se ruk jaate hain aur takabbur karte hain. Unka yeh amal is baat ki daleel tha ke woh Allah aur uske Rasool ﷺ ki azmat ko tasleem nahi karte the aur na hi apni maghfirat ke talabgar the. Unke dil mein imaan ki roshni nahi thi, isliye woh hidayat aur rehmat ke darwaze se munh mod lete the. Yeh unki gumrahi aur bad-bakhti ki alamat thi.
Surah 63 : 6
سَوَآءٌ عَلَیْهِمْ اَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ اَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَنْ یَّغْفِرَ اللّٰهُ لَهُمْ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یَهْدِی الْقَوْمَ الْفٰسِقِیْنَ
Unke liye barabar hai, chahe aap unke liye maghfirat talab karein ya na karein, Allah hargiz unhein maaf nahi karega. Beshak Allah fasik logon ko hidayat nahi deta.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala munafiqeen ke haal ko bayan kar raha hai ke unke liye Nabi Akram ﷺ ka isteghfar karna ya na karna yaksan hai. Unke dilon par kufr ki wajah se mohar lag chuki hai aur woh hidayat qubool karne ke qabil nahi rahe. Allah Ta'ala aise logon ko hidayat nahi deta jo fasik hain, yaani jo Allah ke ehkamaat se ro gardani karte hain aur haq ko jante hue bhi usse inkar karte hain.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) se riwayat hai ke jab Abdullah bin Ubayy ka inteqal hua to Nabi Akram ﷺ ne uski namaz-e-janaza parhane ka irada farmaya, lekin Hazrat Umar (R.A) ne arz kiya ke kya aap uski namaz parhaenge jisne falaan falaan din aisa kiya tha? Is par yeh ayat nazil hui. Isse maloom hota hai ke munafiqeen ki shiddat pasandi aur kufr ki wajah se unki maghfirat ki koi gunjaish nahi.
Surah 63 : 7
هُمُ الَّذِیْنَ یَقُوْلُوْنَ لَا تُنْفِقُوْا عَلٰى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُوْلِ اللّٰهِ حَتّٰى یَنْفَضُّوْا وَ لِلّٰهِ خَزَآئِنُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِ وَ لٰكِنَّ الْمُنٰفِقِیْنَ لَا یَفْقَهُوْنَ
Yahi woh log hain jo kehte hain ke jo log Rasool Allah ke paas hain un par kharch na karo yahan tak ke woh (khud ba khud) bikhar jayen. Halanke zameen aur aasman ke khazane Allah hi ke hain, lekin munafiqeen samajhte nahi.
Yeh ayat munafiqeen ki ek aur bad-niyati ko wazeh karti hai. Woh Musalmanon ko kamzor karne aur Nabi Akram ﷺ se alag karne ke liye yeh chahte the ke Ansar (Madine ke Musalman) Muhajireen (Makka se hijrat karne wale Musalman) par kharch karna band kar dein. Unka maqsad yeh tha ke jab Muhajireen ko rizq ki tangi hogi to woh Rasool Allah ﷺ ko chor kar chale jayenge.
Lekin Allah Ta'ala ne unki is jahalat par tanqeed ki aur farmaya ke zameen aur aasman ke tamam khazane Allah hi ke hain. Rizq dene wala sirf Allah hai aur woh jise chahe rizq deta hai. Munafiqeen apni tang nazri aur kam-aqli ki wajah se is haqeeqat ko samajh nahi pate ke Allah ki qudrat aur uske fazal ka koi hadd nahi. Unki yeh koshish sirf unki apni tabahi ka sabab banegi.
Surah 63 : 8
یَقُوْلُوْنَ لَئِنْ رَّجَعْنَاۤ اِلَى الْمَدِیْنَةِ لَیُخْرِجَنَّ الْاَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْاَذَلَّ وَ لِلّٰهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَ لِرَسُوْلِهٖ وَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ وَ لٰكِنَّ الْمُنٰفِقِیْنَ لَا یَعْلَمُوْنَ
Woh kehte hain ke agar hum Madine wapas laut gaye to izzat wala (yaani hum) zaleel ko (yaani Musalmanon ko) wahan se nikal dega. Halanke izzat to Allah ke liye hai aur uske Rasool ke liye aur momineen ke liye, lekin munafiqeen nahi jante.
Is ayat mein munafiqeen ke sardar Abdullah bin Ubayy ke ghamand aur uski bad-zubani ka zikr hai. Ghazwa-e-Bani Mustaliq ke mauqe par usne kaha tha ke jab hum Madine wapas jayenge to izzat wala (yaani woh khud) zaleel ko (yaani Nabi Akram ﷺ aur Sahaba ko) wahan se nikal dega. Usne apni izzat ko jhoota samjha aur Musalmanon ko zaleel qarar diya.
Allah Ta'ala ne uske is qaul ki tardeed karte hue wazeh farmaya ke haqiqi izzat sirf Allah ke liye hai, uske Rasool ﷺ ke liye hai aur momineen ke liye hai. Munafiqeen apni jahalat aur kufr ki wajah se is haqeeqat se bekhabar hain. Izzat aur zillat ka faisla Allah ke haath mein hai, aur woh izzat usko deta hai jo uski itaat karta hai. Munafiqeen ki yeh soch unki tabahi aur zillat ka sabab bani.
Surah 63 : 9
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تُلْهِكُمْ اَمْوَالُكُمْ وَ لَاۤ اَوْلَادُكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ وَ مَنْ یَّفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْخٰسِرُوْنَ
Aye imaan walo! Tumhare maal aur tumhari aulad tumhein Allah ke zikr se ghafil na karein. Aur jo aisa karega to wahi log khasara uthane wale hain.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala imaan walon ko khitab kar raha hai aur unhein ek ahem nasihat de raha hai. Duniya ki cheezein, khaas taur par maal aur aulad, insaan ke liye fitri taur par dilkash hoti hain. Lekin Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke tumhare maal aur tumhari aulad tumhein Allah ke zikr se ghafil na karein. Zikr-e-Ilahi mein namaz, tilawat-e-Quran, tasbeeh, aur Allah ke ehkamaat ki pairwi shamil hai.
Jo shakhs maal aur aulad ki mohabbat mein itna kho jaye ke woh Allah ki ibadat aur uske farayez se ghafil ho jaye, to woh duniya aur akhirat dono mein khasara uthane wala hai. Imam Qurtubi (R.A) farmate hain ke is ayat mein Allah ne maal aur aulad ko fitne se bachne ki hidayat di hai. Haqiqi kamyabi Allah ke zikr aur uski itaat mein hai, na ke duniya ki aarzi cheezon mein.
Surah 63 : 10
وَ اَنْفِقُوْا مِنْ مَّا رَزَقْنٰكُمْ مِّنْ قَبْلِ اَنْ یَّاْتِیَ اَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ فَیَقُوْلَ رَبِّ لَوْ لَاۤ اَخَّرْتَنِیْۤ اِلٰۤى اَجَلٍ قَرِیْبٍ فَاَصَّدَّقَ وَ اَكُنْ مِّنَ الصّٰلِحِیْنَ
Aur jo kuch humne tumhein rizq diya hai us mein se (Allah ki raah mein) kharch karo is se pehle ke tum mein se kisi ko maut aa jaye aur woh kehne lage: "Aye mere Rab! Tu ne mujhe thodi der ke liye aur mohlat kyun na di taake main sadqa karta aur saleheen mein se ho jata."
Yeh ayat sadqa-o-khairat ki fazilat aur uski ahmiyat ko bayan karti hai. Allah Ta'ala imaan walon ko hukm de raha hai ke jo rizq usne unhein ata kiya hai, us mein se Allah ki raah mein kharch karein. Yeh kharch us waqt tak karna chahiye jab tak zindagi ki mohlat baqi hai, kyunke maut ke baad tauba aur sadqa ka darwaza band ho jata hai.
Ayat mein us shakhs ki hasrat ka zikr hai jo maut ke waqt Allah se thodi si mohlat talab karega taake woh sadqa kar sake aur saleheen mein shamil ho sake. Lekin us waqt uski yeh iltija qabool nahi ki jayegi. Nabi Akram ﷺ ne farmaya: "Sadqa gunahon ko aise bujha deta hai jaise pani aag ko." (Tirmidhi) Isliye, zindagi mein hi nek aamal aur sadqa-o-khairat mein jaldi karni chahiye taake akhirat mein kamyabi hasil ho.
Surah 63 : 11
وَ لَنْ یُّؤَخِّرَ اللّٰهُ نَفْسًا اِذَا جَآءَ اَجَلُهَا وَ اللّٰهُ خَبِیْرٌۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ
Aur Allah hargiz kisi jaan ko mohlat nahi dega jab uska muqarrar waqt aa jayega. Aur Allah khoob khabar rakhne wala hai jo tum karte ho.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala insaan ko uski zindagi ki haqeeqat se aagah farma rahe hain. Farmaya gaya hai ke jab kisi jaan ka muqarrar waqt (ajal) aa jata hai, to Allah Ta'ala usay hargiz ek lamha bhi mohlat nahi dete. Yeh is baat ki takeed hai ke maut ka waqt Allah ke ilm mein tay shuda hai aur us mein kisi qism ki tabdeeli mumkin nahi. Na koi usay pehle la sakta hai aur na hi usay ta'akheer de sakta hai.
Is Ayat ka pegham yeh hai ke insaan ko apni zindagi ke har lamhe ko qeemti samajhna chahiye aur aakhirat ki tayyari mein masroof rehna chahiye. Kyunki jab maut ka waqt aa gaya to phir tauba aur nek amal ka darwaza band ho jayega. Ayat ke ikhtitam par farmaya gaya hai, "Aur Allah khoob khabar rakhne wala hai jo tum karte ho." Yeh jumla is baat ki nishandahi karta hai ke Allah Ta'ala insaan ke har zahiri aur batini amal se ba-khabar hain. Uske har amal ka hisab liya jayega, chahe woh chhota ho ya bada. Is liye insaan ko chahiye ke woh apni zindagi ko Allah ki raza ke mutabiq guzare.
Jaisa ke Surah Al-A'raf (7:34) mein bhi irshad hai: "Aur har ummat ke liye ek muqarrar waqt hai, jab unka waqt aa jata hai to na woh ek ghadi peeche ho sakte hain aur na aage badh sakte hain."
