Surah Al-A'la ek Makki Surah hai aur yeh Nabi Kareem {صَلَّى اَللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ} ki pasandida suraton mein se ek thi. Is Surah ki Markazi Theme 'Tauheed, Wahi ki hifazat aur Tazkiya-e-Nafs' hai. Surah ki shuruaat Allah ki tasbeeh se hoti hai Jisne har cheez ko paida kiya, use munasib banaya aur uska ek rasta muqarrar kiya. Ahkam aur naseehatein yeh hain: Allah ne Nabi {صَلَّى اَللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ} ko tasalli di ke 'Hum Aap ko parhayenge phir Aap nahi bhoolenge', jo ke wahi ki hifazat ka mojza hai. Ismein naseehat karne ki talqeen ki gayi hai ke naseehat usay faida deti hai jo (Allah se) darta hai, magar bad-bakht shakhs is se guraiz karta hai aur badi aag (Jahannum) mein dakhil hota hai. Surah mein kamiyabi ka daromadar 'Tazkiya' (khud ko paak karne) aur namaz par rakha gaya hai. Aakhir mein insaan ki is ghalti ki nishandahi ki gayi hai ke woh dunya ki zindagi ko tarjeeh deta hai, halanke aakhirat behtar aur hamesha rehne wali hai. Yeh wahi baatein hain jo Hazrat Ibrahim aur Hazrat Musa {عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَام} ke purane saheefon mein bhi darj thin.
Surah 87 : 0
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah ke Naam se, jo bada Meherbaan, Nihayat Reham waala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 87 : 1
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْاَعْلَىۙ
Apne Rab ke naam ki tasbeeh karo jo sab se aala hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala apne bandon ko hukm de rahe hain ke woh apne Rab ke naam ki tasbeeh karein, jo har cheez se aala aur bartar hai. Tasbeeh ka matlab hai Allah ko har aib aur kami se paak qaraar dena aur uski tareef karna. Yeh hukm Allah ki azmat aur uski be-misaal sifaat ko tasleem karne par zor deta hai. Jab hum Allah ke naam ki tasbeeh karte hain, to hum uski qudrat, hikmat aur rububiyat ka iqrar karte hain. Is se dil mein Allah ki mohabbat aur khauf paida hota hai, aur insaan uski itaat ki taraf raghib hota hai. Yeh ayat Allah ki wahdaniyat aur uski bulandi ka iqrar karne ki bunyad hai, jo har musalman ke liye zaroori hai.
Surah 87 : 2
الَّذِیْ خَلَقَ فَسَوّٰى۪ۙ
Jisne paida kiya aur durust banaya.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala apni qudrat ka bayan farma rahe hain ke wohi zaat hai jisne har cheez ko paida kiya aur usay durust banaya. 'Durust banaya' ka matlab hai ke har makhlooq ko uski fitrat ke mutabiq behtareen shakal aur saakht di, aur uske liye munasib nizam qaim kiya. Chahe woh insaan ho, jaanwar ho, ya nabatat, har ek ko Allah ne aisi banawat di jo uske maqsad-e-takhleeq ke liye munasib hai. Is mein insaan ki takhleeq ka bhi zikr hai jise Allah ne behtareen surat mein banaya. Yeh ayat Allah ki hikmat aur uski be-misaal sanatkari ki daleel hai, jo har cheez mein zahir hai.
Surah 87 : 3
وَ الَّذِیْ قَدَّرَ فَهَدٰى۪ۙ
Aur jisne andaza muqarrar kiya phir hidayat di.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala apni do aur azeem sifaat ka zikr farma rahe hain: jisne har cheez ka andaza muqarrar kiya phir hidayat di. 'Andaza muqarrar kiya' se murad hai ke Allah ne har cheez ke liye ek muqarrar taqdeer, ek nizam aur ek had bandi ki hai. Har makhlooq ka ek muqarrar waqt, maqam aur kirdar hai. Phir usne har makhlooq ko uske maqsad tak pounchne ke liye hidayat di. Maslan, jaanwaron ko unki ghiza talash karne ki, parindon ko parwaz ki, aur insaan ko sahih aur ghalat mein tameez karne ki hidayat. Yeh hidayat kabhi fitri hoti hai aur kabhi ambiya (alaihimus salam) aur kitabon ke zariye. Is se Allah ki hikmat aur uski har cheez par mukammal qabze ka izhar hota hai.
Surah 87 : 4
وَ الَّذِیْۤ اَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعٰى۪ۙ
Aur jisne charagah nikali.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala apni ek aur ne'mat ka zikr farma rahe hain: aur jisne charagah nikali. Charagah se murad woh sabz ghas aur nabatat hai jo zameen se ugti hai aur jaanwaron ke liye ghiza ka zariya banti hai. Yeh Allah ki qudrat aur uski rububiyat ki nishani hai ke woh be-jaan zameen se zindagi aur rizq paida karta hai. Is mein insaan ke liye bhi rizq ka ishara hai, kyunki bahut si nabatat insaan ki ghiza ka hissa banti hain. Yeh ayat Allah ki meherbani aur uski bandon par fazl ko zahir karti hai, ke woh unke liye zameen mein ghiza ka intizam karta hai taake woh apni zindagi guzar sakein. Is se Allah ki qudrat aur tadbeer ka ilm hota hai.
Surah 87 : 5
فَجَعَلَهٗ غُثَآءً اَحْوٰىؕ
Phir usay siyah kachra bana diya.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala us charagah ka zikr farma rahe hain jise usne paida kiya tha (jaisa ke pichli ayat mein zikr hua). Phir usay siyah kachra bana diya. Iska matlab yeh hai ke woh hari bhari charagah, jo jaanwaron ke liye ghiza thi, waqt ke sath sookh kar kali aur bekaar ho jati hai. Yeh ayat duniya ki faniyat aur uski aarzi ranginiyon ki taraf ishara karti hai. Jis tarah zameen ki ronak waqti hoti hai, isi tarah duniya ki har cheez fani hai. Allah Ta'ala is misaal se apni qudrat aur takhleeq ke mukammal cycle ko bayan kar rahe hain, ke wohi zindagi deta hai aur wohi usay khatam karta hai. Is mein insaan ke liye bhi nishani hai ke uski zindagi bhi isi tarah ek din khatam ho jayegi.
Surah 87 : 6
سَنُقْرِئُكَ فَلَا تَنْسٰى
Hum aapko (Quran) padhayenge, phir aap bhulenge nahi.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala apne Nabi Muhammad ﷺ ko tasalli de rahe hain aur waada farma rahe hain ke woh unhein Quran is tarah padhayenge ke woh use kabhi nahi bhulenge. Yeh Allah ki taraf se ek khaas inayat aur mojiza tha, jiske zariye Nabi ﷺ ko Quran hifz karwa diya gaya. Isse aap ﷺ ko Quran yaad karne ki fikr se azadi mili aur aap dawat-o-tabligh par tawajjuh de sakein. Yeh is baat ki daleel hai ke Quran ki hifazat ka zimma khud Allah Ta'ala ne liya hai, aur Nabi ﷺ ke zariye uski hifazat ki ibtida ki.
Surah 87 : 7
اِلَّا مَا شَآءَ اللّٰهُ اِنَّهٗ یَعْلَمُ الْجَهْرَ وَ مَا یَخْفٰى
Siwaaye uske jo Allah chahe. Beshak woh zaahir aur posheeda sab janta hai.
Yeh Ayat pichli Ayat ki wazahat hai, jismein Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya tha ke Nabi ﷺ Quran nahi bhulenge. Magar is Ayat mein farmaya gaya ke 'siwaaye uske jo Allah chahe'. Iska matlab yeh hai ke Allah ki qudrat aur ikhtiyar har cheez par haawi hai. Agarche Allah ne Nabi ﷺ ko Quran bhulne se mehfooz rakha, lekin agar Allah chahta to kuch bhulwa bhi sakta tha. Yeh Allah ki mutlaq qudrat ka izhaar hai. Mazeed farmaya gaya ke 'Beshak woh zaahir aur posheeda sab janta hai'. Allah Ta'ala har us cheez se waqif hai jo insaan zaahir karta hai aur jo uske dil mein posheeda hoti hai. Uska ilm har cheez ko ghere hue hai, koi cheez usse makhfi nahi.
Surah 87 : 8
وَ نُیَسِّرُكَ لِلْیُسْرٰى
Aur hum aapke liye aasaani ki raah aasaan kar denge.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala apne Nabi Muhammad ﷺ ko ek aur basharat de rahe hain ke woh unke liye aasaani ki raah aasaan kar denge. Iska matlab yeh hai ke Allah Ta'ala Nabi ﷺ ke liye deen ki dawat, uske ahkam ki tabligh aur un par amal karna aasaan bana denge. Shariat-e-Muhammadi ﷺ mein koi mushkil ya takleef nahi hogi, balki woh har lihaz se aasaan aur qabil-e-amal hogi. Yeh Nabi ﷺ ki shariat ki ek ahem khasusiyat hai ke usmein koi harj ya tangi nahi. Allah Ta'ala ne Nabi ﷺ ko aisi shariat di jo har zamane aur har jagah ke logon ke liye qabil-e-amal hai.
Surah 87 : 9
فَذَكِّرْ اِنْ نَّفَعَتِ الذِّكْرٰى
Pas naseehat karte rahiye, agar naseehat faaydemand ho.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala Nabi Muhammad ﷺ ko dawat-o-tabligh ka hukm de rahe hain, lekin hikmat ke saath. Farmaya gaya ke 'pas naseehat karte rahiye, agar naseehat faaydemand ho'. Iska matlab yeh hai ke dawat aur naseehat ka silsila jari rakha jaye, khaas taur par un logon ke liye jin par naseehat ka asar hone ki tawaqqo ho. Yeh is baat ki taraf ishara hai ke dawat mein hikmat aur basirat se kaam liya jaye, aur aise tareeqe ikhtiyar kiye jayen jo logon ke liye qabooliyat ka baais banen. Agarche dawat har haal mein jari rakhni chahiye, lekin uski shiddat aur tareeqa logon ki haalat ke mutabiq hona chahiye taake woh ziyada mufeed saabit ho.
Surah 87 : 10
سَیَذَّكَّرُ مَنْ یَّخْشٰى
Wohi naseehat qabool karega jo Allah se darta hai.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne wazahat farmai hai ke naseehat aur dawat se asal faayda kaun uthata hai. Farmaya gaya ke 'wohi naseehat qabool karega jo Allah se darta hai'. Yani, jin logon ke dilon mein Allah ka khauf hota hai, jo uski azmat aur uske hisab se darte hain, wohi log naseehat ko tawajjuh se sunte hain aur us par amal karte hain. Jo log ghafil hain, jin ke dilon mein Allah ka khauf nahi, woh naseehat se faayda nahi uthate, chahe unhein kitni hi achi naseehat ki jaye. Isse yeh bhi maloom hota hai ke Allah ka khauf asal hidayat ki bunyad hai aur wohi insaan ko haq ki taraf raghib karta hai.
Surah 87 : 11
وَ یَتَجَنَّبُهَا الْاَشْقَىۙ
Aur is (naseehat) se woh bad-bakht door rahega.
Is ayat mein un logon ka zikr hai jo Allah Ta'ala ki taraf se nazil ki gayi hidayat aur naseehat se munh modte hain. 'Al-Ashqa' se murad woh shakhs hai jo sab se zyada bad-bakht aur bad-naseeb ho. Pichli ayaton mein Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya tha ke naseehat usay faida degi jo darta hai, aur yahan farmaya ja raha hai ke is naseehat se wohi shakhs door rahega jo bad-bakht hai. Yeh darasal un logon ki sifat bayan ki ja rahi hai jo haq ko pehchanne ke bawajood usay qabool nahi karte aur apni sar-kashi par qaim rehte hain. Unka yeh inkar unhein aakhirat mein sakht azab ka mustahiq banata hai.
Surah 87 : 12
الَّذِیْ یَصْلَى النَّارَ الْكُبْرٰىۚ
Jo sab se badi aag mein dakhil hoga.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat mein bayan kiye gaye 'Al-Ashqa' (bad-bakht) ke anjaam ko wazeh karti hai. Woh bad-bakht shakhs jo Allah ki naseehat se gurez karta hai, usay aakhirat mein 'An-Nar al-Kubra' yani sab se badi aag mein dakhil kiya jayega. Yahan 'badi aag' se murad Jahannam hai, jis ki shiddat aur garmi duniya ki kisi bhi aag se kahin zyada hai. Yeh unke kufr aur inkar ka seedha nateeja hoga. Quran-e-Kareem mein kayi maqamaat par Jahannam ki shiddat aur uske azab ki tafseel bayan ki gayi hai taake log us se daren aur hidayat qabool karein.
Surah 87 : 13
ثُمَّ لَا یَمُوْتُ فِیْهَا وَ لَا یَحْیٰىؕ
Phir na woh us mein marega aur na zinda rahega.
Is ayat mein Jahannam ke azab ki ek aur shiddat bayan ki gayi hai. Jahannami log aag mein is haal mein honge ke na woh marein ge aur na zinda rahein ge. Is ka matlab yeh hai ke unhein maut bhi nahi aayegi taake woh azab se chutkara pa sakein, aur na hi unhein aisi zindagi naseeb hogi jismein koi rahat ya sukoon ho. Woh hamesha dard aur takleef ki aisi halat mein rahenge jo maut se bhi bad-tar hogi. Yeh azab ki inteha hai, jahan insaan har lamha takleef mein hoga aur us takleef se nikalne ka koi rasta nahi hoga. Allah Ta'ala hum sab ko is azab se mehfooz rakhe.
Surah 87 : 14
قَدْ اَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكّٰىۙ
Yaqeenan kamyab hua woh jis ne (apne aap ko) paak kiya.
Is ayat mein un logon ki kamyabi ka zikr hai jo apne nafs ko paak karte hain. 'Tazakka' ka matlab hai apne aap ko shirk, gunahon aur buri aadaton se paak karna aur Allah ki ita'at aur nek amaal ke zariye apne nafs ko sanwarna. Yeh kamyabi sirf duniya mein nahi balkay aakhirat mein bhi hai. Jis ne apne aqeeday ko sahih kiya, apne amaal ko durust kiya aur apne akhlaq ko behtar banaya, wohi asal mein kamyab hai. Yeh ayat is baat par zor deti hai ke roohani aur akhlaqi pakeezgi hi asal falah aur kamyabi ki bunyad hai.
Surah 87 : 15
وَ ذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهٖ فَصَلّٰىؕ
Aur apne Rab ka naam yaad kiya, phir namaz parhi.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki wazahat karti hai ke nafs ko paak karne (tazkiya) ka tareeqa kya hai. Is mein do bunyadi cheezein bayan ki gayi hain: 'Apne Rab ka naam yaad kiya' (zikr-e-Ilahi) aur 'phir namaz parhi' (Salah). Zikr-e-Ilahi mein Allah ko har haal mein yaad karna, uski tasbeeh karna, aur uski azmat ka iqrar karna shamil hai. Namaz, jo ke Islam ka dusra rukun hai, Allah se banday ke talluq ko mazboot karti hai aur gunahon se rokti hai. Baaz mufassireen ne is ayat ko Eid ki namaz aur fitra ada karne se bhi joda hai, lekin iska aam mafhoom har tarah ke zikr aur farz namazon par bhi lagu hota hai. Yeh dono amaal insaan ko roohani tor par paak karte hain aur Allah ke qurb ka zariya bante hain.
Surah 87 : 16
بَلْ تُؤْثِرُوْنَ الْحَیٰوةَ الدُّنْیَا
Balkay tum dunya ki zindagi ko tarjeeh dete ho.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala insaan ki fitrat par roshni daal raha hai ke woh aksar Akhirat ke muqable mein dunya ki fani zindagi ko tarjeeh deta hai. Insaan apni fitri kamzori ki wajah se fauri nafa aur lazzat ki taraf mael hota hai, jabke Akhirat ka ajar aur sawab ghaib mein hota hai aur uske liye sabr aur mehnat ki zaroorat hoti hai. Yeh tarjeeh insaan ko Allah ki raza aur Akhirat ki kamyabi se door kar deti hai.
Dunya ki zindagi ki chamak damak aur uski aarzi khushiyan insaan ko apni taraf khenchti hain, aur woh iski talab mein itna magan ho jata hai ke asal maqsad, yani Akhirat ki tayyari, se ghafil ho jata hai. Quran majeed mein kayi maqamaat par dunya ki haqeeqat ko wazeh kiya gaya hai ke yeh sirf aik khel aur tamasha hai, aur iski lazzatein chand roza hain.
Jaisa ke Surah Al-Kahf (18:45) mein farmaya gaya hai: "Aur unke liye dunya ki zindagi ki misaal bayan karo, jaise pani jo humne aasman se nazil kiya, phir uske sabab zameen ki nabatat ghani ho gayi, phir woh sukhi ghaas ban gayi jise hawaein uda le jati hain."
Surah 87 : 17
وَ الْاٰخِرَةُ خَیْرٌ وَّ اَبْقٰى
Aur Akhirah behtar aur baqi rehne wali hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne Akhirat ki fazilat aur uski baqa ko wazeh farmaya hai. Jahan pichli ayat mein dunya ki aarzi zindagi ko tarjeeh dene ki mazammat ki gayi, wahin is ayat mein Akhirat ki behtari aur hamesha rehne wali sifat ko bayan kiya gaya hai. Akhirat ki zindagi dunya ki zindagi se har lihaz se behtar hai, kyunke dunya fani hai aur uski har cheez khatam hone wali hai, jabke Akhirat ki nematein aur uski sazaein hamesha ke liye hain.
Akhirat ki behtari sirf nematon mein hi nahi, balkay uski baqa mein bhi hai. Wahan ki khushiyan aur rahaten kabhi khatam nahi hongi, aur wahan ka azaab bhi hamesha ke liye hoga. Isliye aqalmand woh hai jo fani dunya par baqi rehne wali Akhirat ko tarjeeh de. Allah Ta'ala ne insaan ko is haqeeqat se aagah kiya hai taake woh apni zindagi ka maqsad samajh sake aur sahih rasta ikhtiyar kar sake.
Nabi Akram (ﷺ) ne farmaya: "Dunya aik qaid khana hai momin ke liye aur jannat hai kafir ke liye." (Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 2956) Yeh hadees dunya ki haqeeqat aur Akhirat ki fazilat ko mazeed wazeh karti hai.
Surah 87 : 18
اِنَّ هٰذَا لَفِی الصُّحُفِ الْاُوْلٰى
Beshak yeh (baatein) pehle ke saheefon mein bhi hain.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala is baat ki tasdeeq farma raha hai ke jo taleemat aur hidayat Quran mein bayan ki ja rahi hain, khaas taur par Akhirat ko dunya par tarjeeh dene ka hukm, woh koi nayi baat nahi hai. Balkay yeh wohi bunyadi usool hain jo pehle ki ilhami kitabon aur saheefon mein bhi maujood the. Isse Quran ki sachai aur uske paigham ki aafaqiyat (universality) sabit hoti hai.
Yeh is baat ki daleel hai ke Allah Ta'ala ne har daur mein aur har qaum ki taraf apne Rasoolon ke zariye aik hi bunyadi paigham bheja hai. Woh paigham Tauheed, Akhirat par imaan, aur nekiyon ka hukm hai. Jab Quran majeed is baat ki tasdeeq karta hai ke yeh taleemat pehle ki kitabon mein bhi theen, to isse un logon par hujjat qaim hoti hai jo pehle ki kitabon par imaan rakhte the magar Quran ka inkar karte the.
Yeh is baat ki nishani hai ke tamam ilhami kitabon ka maqsad insaan ko aik hi seedhe raste par lana hai, aur woh rasta dunya ki faniyat aur Akhirat ki baqa ko samajh kar uski tayyari karna hai.
Surah 87 : 19
صُحُفِ اِبْرٰهِیْمَ وَ مُوْسٰى
Yani Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) aur Musa (علیہ السلام) ke saheefon mein.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki wazahat hai, jismein "pehli kitabon" ka zikr kiya gaya tha. Yahan Allah Ta'ala ne khaas taur par Hazrat Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) aur Hazrat Musa (علیہ السلام) ke saheefon ka naam liya hai. Isse yeh wazeh hota hai ke dunya par Akhirat ko tarjeeh dene ka paigham aur deegar bunyadi aqeede sirf Quran tak mehdood nahi, balkay qadeem tareen nabuwwaton mein bhi maujood the.
Hazrat Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ko "Abul Anbiya" (Nabiyon ka baap) kaha jata hai aur unke saheefe sabse qadeem ilhami kitabon mein se hain. Isi tarah Hazrat Musa (علیہ السلام) ko Tawrat di gayi thi, aur unke saheefe bhi Allah ki taraf se nazil shuda the. In do azim ul-azm Rasoolon ke saheefon ka zikr is baat ki daleel hai ke Islam ka paigham koi naya mazhab nahi, balkay tamam nabiyon ki taleemat ka tasalsul hai.
Isse yeh bhi sabit hota hai ke Allah Ta'ala ki hidayat har daur mein insaniyat ke liye aik jaisi bunyadi sachaiyon par mabni rahi hai, aur woh sachaiyan dunya ki faniyat aur Akhirat ki hamesha ki zindagi par yaqeen rakhna hain.
