Surah Al-Balad ek Makki Surah hai jis mein Allah ne Shehar-e-Makkah ki qasam kha kar insaan ki zindagi ki haqeeqat bayan ki hai. Is Surah ki Markazi Theme 'Insaani mashaqqat aur neki ka dushwar rasta' hai. Allah farmata hai ke Hum ne insaan ko mashaqqat (struggle) mein paida kiya hai, isliye use ghaflat mein nahi rehna chahiye. Ahkam aur naseehatein yeh hain: Insaan ko do raste dikhaye gaye hain, magar aksar log 'Ghati' (Mushkil rasta) par nahi chalte. Woh mushkil rasta kya hai? Kisi ghulam ko azad karna, bhook ke din kisi rishtedar yateem ya khak-nasheen miskeen ko khana khilana. Ismein bataya gaya hai ke kamiyabi un logon ke liye hai jo imaan laye aur ek doosre ko sabr aur raham ki wasiyat karte hain; yehi log 'Ashab-ul-Maimanah' (dayen hath wale) hain. Iske bar-aks, jo log Allah ki aayat ko jhutlate hain, woh 'Ashab-ul-Mash'amah' (bayen hath wale) hain jin par har taraf se band aag ka azaab hoga.
Surah 90 : 0
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah ke Naam se, jo bada Meherbaan, Nihayat Reham waala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 90 : 1
لَاۤ اُقْسِمُ بِهٰذَا الْبَلَدِۙ
Main qasam khata hoon is shehar ki.
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala Makkah Mukarrama ki qasam kha rahe hain. 'La uqsimu' ka matlab hai 'Main qasam khata hoon'. Arabi zaban mein baaz auqat 'La' ka lafz takeed (emphasis) ke liye istemal hota hai, jiska matlab hota hai 'Main qasam khata hoon' ya 'Main zaroor qasam khata hoon'. Makkah Mukarrama ek muqaddas shehar hai jahan Baitullah (Kaaba) waqai hai aur yeh Islam ka markaz hai. Is shehar ki qasam khana iski azmat aur fazilat ko zahir karta hai. Allah Ta'ala apni makhlooq mein se jis cheez ki chahe qasam kha sakte hain, jabke insaan ko sirf Allah ki qasam khane ka hukm hai. Is qasam se is shehar ki hurmat aur ehmiyat wazeh hoti hai.
Surah 90 : 2
وَ اَنْتَ حِلٌّۢ بِهٰذَا الْبَلَدِۙ
Aur aap (Muhammad ﷺ) is shehar mein halaal kiye gaye hain (yaani aapke liye qatal-o-gharat halaal kar di gayi thi Fateh Makkah ke din).
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala ne apne Nabi Muhammad ﷺ ki azmat aur Makkah se unke rishte ko bayan kiya hai. 'Wa anta hillun bi hazal balad' ke do mafhoom ho sakte hain. Ek yeh ke 'Aap is shehar mein muqeem hain', yaani aapki maujoodgi is shehar ko mazeed muqaddas banati hai. Doosra mafhoom yeh hai ke 'Aapke liye is shehar mein qatal-o-gharat halaal kar di gayi thi'. Yeh ishara Fateh Makkah ke din ki taraf hai, jab Allah Ta'ala ne chand ghanton ke liye apne Nabi ﷺ ko Makkah mein qital ki ijazat di thi, jo aam taur par haram hai. Iske baad phir se Makkah ki hurmat bahal kar di gayi. Is Ayah mein Rasoolullah ﷺ ki shaan aur Makkah ki hurmat dono ko bayan kiya gaya hai.
Surah 90 : 3
وَ وَالِدٍ وَّ مَا وَلَدَۙ
Aur qasam hai baap ki aur uski aulaad ki.
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala ne baap aur uski aulaad ki qasam khai hai. Yeh qasam insani nasl ki takhleeq aur uske tasalsul (continuity) ki azmat ko zahir karti hai. Baaz mufassireen ne 'walid' se Adam (Alaihis Salam) aur 'ma walad' se unki tamam aulaad murad li hai. Jabke kuch ne isse har baap aur uski aulaad ko aam (general) mana hai. Yeh qasam insani zindagi ke aaghaz aur uski nashonuma mein Allah Ta'ala ki qudrat aur hikmat ki nishani hai. Is qasam ke zariye insaan ko apni paidaish aur nasl ke tasalsul par ghaur karne ki dawat di ja rahi hai, taake woh Allah ki azmat aur uski ne'maton ka shukr ada kare.
Surah 90 : 4
لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْاِنْسَانَ فِیْ كَبَدٍؕ
Beshak humne insaan ko mushaqqat mein paida kiya hai.
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala ne insaan ki fitrat aur uski zindagi ki haqeeqat ko bayan kiya hai. 'Laqad khalaqnal insana fi kabad' ka matlab hai 'Humne insaan ko mushaqqat aur takleef mein paida kiya hai'. Insaan ki paidaish se le kar maut tak uski zindagi mushaqqat, azmaish aur jaddojehad se bhari rehti hai. Bachpan mein kamzori, jawani mein zimmedariyan, aur budhape mein bimariyan aur kamzori. Dunya ki zindagi mein rizq ki talash, dushmano se muqabla, aur nafsani khwahishat par qaboo paane ki koshish, yeh sab 'kabad' (mushaqqat) ke mukhtalif pehlu hain. Is Ayah ka maqsad insaan ko yeh batana hai ke dunya aaramgah nahi, balkay imtehan ki jagah hai, aur use in mushaqqaton ka sabr aur shukr ke saath muqabla karna chahiye.
Surah 90 : 5
اَیَحْسَبُ اَنْ لَّنْ یَّقْدِرَ عَلَیْهِ اَحَدٌۘ
Kya woh gumaan karta hai ke us par koi qaboo na pa sakega?
Is Ayah mein Allah Ta'ala un insano ko tanbeeh kar rahe hain jo apni taqat, maal ya martabe par guroor karte hain aur yeh samajhte hain ke un par koi qaboo nahi pa sakta. 'Ayahsabu al lan yaqdira alayhi ahad' ka matlab hai 'Kya woh gumaan karta hai ke us par koi qaboo nahi pa sakega?'. Yeh sawal inkar ke maani mein hai, yaani koi bhi insaan itna taqatwar nahi ke Allah ki qudrat se bahar ho sake. Allah Ta'ala har cheez par qadir hain aur insaan ki har harkat aur sakoon ko jante hain. Yeh Ayah insaan ko uski hadd mein rehne aur Allah ki azmat ko pehchanne ki talqeen karti hai. Insaan ko apni kamzori aur Allah ki be-inteha qudrat ka ehsas hona chahiye, taake woh takabbur se bache aur Allah ke samne ajizi ikhtiyar kare.
Surah 90 : 6
یَقُوْلُ اَهْلَكْتُ مَالًا لُّبَدًاؕ
Woh kehta hai ke maine bahut saara maal fuzool kharch kar diya.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala us shakhs ka zikr kar raha hai jo apni daulat par fakhr karta hai aur usay fuzool kharch karne ka dawa karta hai. Woh samajhta hai ke usne bahut saara maal kharch karke koi bada kaam kiya hai. Yeh darasal uski ghaflat aur akalmand na hone ki nishani hai, kyunki woh maal ko Allah ki raza ke bajaye apni shohrat ya dunyawi maqasid ke liye kharch karta hai. Islam mein maal ko Allah ki amanat samjha jata hai aur usay sahi tareeqe se kharch karne ki targheeb di gayi hai, na ke fuzool kharchi mein. Quran mein kai maqamat par fuzool kharchi se mana kiya gaya hai.
Surah 90 : 7
اَیَحْسَبُ اَنْ لَّمْ یَرَهٗۤ اَحَدٌؕ
Kya woh guman karta hai ke usay kisi ne nahi dekha?
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ke tasalsul mein hai, jahan insaan apne maal ki fuzool kharchi par fakhr karta hai. Allah Ta'ala usay tanbeeh kar raha hai ke kya woh yeh samajhta hai ke uske in amaal ko koi dekhne wala nahi? Haqeeqat yeh hai ke Allah Ta'ala har cheez se ba-khabar hai aur insaan ke har amal ko dekh raha hai. Yeh ayat insaan ko apni zimmedari ka ehsaas dilati hai aur usay Allah ki nigrani ka khayal rakhne ki targheeb deti hai. Is se murad yeh hai ke insaan ko apne har qadam par Allah ki haazri ka ehsaas hona chahiye, kyunki koi bhi amal uski nazar se posheeda nahi.
Surah 90 : 8
اَلَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَّهٗ عَیْنَیْنِۙ
Kya humne usay do aankhein nahi di?
Is ayat se Allah Ta'ala insaan ko apni un nematon ki yaad dila raha hai jo usay ata ki hain, taake woh ghaflat se baahar aaye aur Allah ki qudrat aur ehsaan ka shukr ada kare. Aankhein Allah ki azeem nematon mein se hain jin ke zariye insaan duniya ko dekhta hai, hidayat ke raste ko pehchanta hai aur Allah ki nishaniyon par ghaur karta hai. Is ayat mein sawal ke andaaz mein is liye pucha gaya hai taake insaan khud ghaur kare aur in nematon ki ahmiyat ko samjhe aur unka sahi istemal kare.
Surah 90 : 9
وَ لِسَانًا وَّ شَفَتَیْنِۙ
Aur ek zabaan aur do hont?
Yeh ayat bhi pichli ayat ke tasalsul mein Allah ki nematon ka zikr kar rahi hai. Zabaan aur hont insaan ke liye Allah ki taraf se do azeem nematein hain. Zabaan ke zariye insaan bolta hai, Allah ka zikr karta hai, ilm hasil karta hai aur apni baat doosron tak pahunchata hai. Hont zabaan ko harkat dene aur mukhtalif awazein nikalne mein madad dete hain. In nematon ke zariye insaan apni zarooriyat poori karta hai aur Allah ki wahdaniyat ka iqrar karta hai. In nematon ka sahi istemal shukr guzari ki alamat hai aur inka ghalat istemal na shukri hai.
Surah 90 : 10
وَ هَدَیْنٰهُ النَّجْدَیْنِۚ
Aur humne usay do raaste (khair aur shar ke) dikha diye.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala farmata hai ke usne insaan ko sirf jismaani nematein hi nahi di balke usay aql aur ikhtiyar bhi diya hai taake woh sahi aur ghalat, achche aur bure ke darmiyan farq kar sake. "Do raaste" se murad khair (bhalai) aur shar (burai) ke raaste hain. Allah Ta'ala ne insaan ko dono raaste wazeh taur par dikha diye hain aur usay ikhtiyar diya hai ke woh apni marzi se kisi ek ka intikhab kare. Yeh insaan ki azadi-e-ikhtiyar (free will) ko zahir karta hai aur usay uske amaal ka zimmedar thehrata hai. Is se yeh bhi wazeh hota hai ke Allah ne insaan ko hidayat ke liye rehnumai faraham ki hai.
Surah 90 : 11
فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ
To phir usne ghaati ko paar nahi kiya.
Yeh ayat insaan ke us rawaiye par sawal uthati hai jahan woh dushwar guzar raaston ko ikhtiyar nahi karta. 'Aqabah' se murad ek buland aur mushkil ghaati hai, jo yahan majazi taur par un azeem nek amaal aur mushkil ibadaton ki taraf ishara karti hai jo Allah ki raza aur jannat tak pahunchne ke liye zaroori hain. Insaan ko Allah ne aqal aur ikhtiyar diya hai, lekin woh aksar asaan aur dunyawi raaston ko tarjeeh deta hai, jabke akhirat ki kamyabi ke liye mushkil aur azmaishon se bhare raaste ko ikhtiyar karna hota hai. Is ayat mein insaan ko is baat par tanbeeh ki ja rahi hai ke usne woh himmat aur irada kyun nahi dikhaya ke woh is mushkil ghaati ko paar kare.
Surah 90 : 12
وَ مَاۤ اَدْرٰىكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ
Aur aapko kya maloom ke woh ghaati kya hai?
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala Nabi Akram (SAW) se mukhatib hokar farmate hain ke aapko kya maloom ke woh 'Aqabah' kya hai? Yeh sawal 'Aqabah' ki ahmiyat, uski azmat aur uski mushkilat ko mazeed wazeh karta hai. Iska maqsad ye hai ke sunne walon ke dilon mein is 'Aqabah' ki haqeeqat aur uski fazeelat ke mutaliq shauq aur tajassus paida ho. Yeh sirf ek mamooli rukawat nahi, balkay ek aisi azeem azmaish aur imtehan hai jise paar karne ke liye behtareen koshish aur qurbani ki zaroorat hai. Agli ayaton mein is 'Aqabah' ki tafseel bayan ki jayegi, jisse iski ahmiyat aur bhi numaya ho jayegi. Yeh darasal un nek amaal ki taraf ishara hai jo insaan ko Allah ke qareeb karte hain.
Surah 90 : 13
فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ
Kisi gardan (ghulam) ko aazad karna.
Yeh ayat 'Aqabah' (mushkil ghaati) ki pehli tafseer bayan karti hai, jo hai 'Fakku Raqabah' yani kisi ghulam ko ghulami se aazad karna. Islam ne ghulami ke nizam ko khatam karne ki bharpoor targheeb di hai aur is amal ko azeem neki qarar diya hai. Ghulamon ko aazad karna Allah Ta'ala ki raza hasil karne ka ek behtareen zariya hai. Yeh amal insaniyat ki izzat aur azadi ki qadar ko ujaagar karta hai aur muashre mein insaf aur hamdardi ko farogh deta hai. Nabi Akram (SAW) ne farmaya: "Jisne kisi musalman ghulam ko aazad kiya, Allah uske har uzv ke badle uske uzv ko jahannum ki aag se aazad karega." (Sahih Bukhari: 2517, Sahih Muslim: 1509). Isse maloom hota hai ke yeh amal sirf ghulam ke liye nahi, balkay aazad karne wale ke liye bhi dunya aur akhirat mein behtareen ajr ka ba'is hai.
Surah 90 : 14
اَوْ اِطْعٰمٌ فِیْ یَوْمٍ ذِیْ مَسْغَبَةٍ
Ya bhook ke din khana khilana.
Ayah 14 'Aqabah' ki doosri tafseer bayan karti hai, jo hai "bhook ke din khana khilana". Yahan "bhook ka din" se murad woh waqt hai jab log shadeed bhook aur qahat saali ka shikar hon, ya aam dino mein bhi jab kisi ko khane ki sakht zaroorat ho. Aise waqt mein kisi bhooke ko khana khilana, khaas taur par jab khud bhi tangdasti ho, Allah ki nazar mein bahut pasandeeda amal hai. Yeh amal insani hamdardi aur muasharti zimmedari ka behtareen izhaar hai. Islam ne miskeeno aur zarooratmand logon ki madad par bahut zor diya hai. Allah Ta'ala Quran mein farmata hai: "Aur woh Allah ki mohabbat mein miskeeno, yateemon aur qaidiyon ko khana khilate hain." (Surah Ad-Dahr: 8). Isse zahir hota hai ke bhookon ko khana khilana sirf ek neki nahi, balkay Allah ki mohabbat hasil karne ka ek ahem zariya hai aur yeh mushkil ghaati ko paar karne ke ahem tareeqon mein se ek hai.
Surah 90 : 15
یَّتِیْمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ
Kisi rishtedar yateem ko.
Ayah 15 mazeed wazahat karti hai ke khana kisko khilaya jaye: "kisi rishtedar yateem ko". Yateem woh bachcha hai jiska baap inteqal kar chuka ho aur woh abhi baligh na hua ho. "Za maqrabah" ka matlab hai rishtedar. Yani, aise yateem ko khana khilana jo aapka rishtedar bhi ho, iski fazeelat aur ajr aur bhi zyada hai. Is mein dohra ajr hai: ek yateem ki madad ka aur doosra silaa-e-rehmi (rishtedaron se acha sulook) ka. Islam ne yateemon ki kifalat aur unki dekh bhaal par bahut zor diya hai. Nabi Akram (SAW) ne farmaya: "Main aur yateem ki parwarish karne wala jannat mein is tarah honge." Aur aapne apni shahadat ki ungli aur darmiyani ungli ko mila kar ishara kiya. (Sahih Bukhari: 5304). Yeh amal muashre mein kamzor tabqe ki hifazat aur rishtedaron ke huqooq ki adaigi ki taraf tawajjo dilata hai, aur 'Aqabah' ko paar karne ke azeem tareeqon mein se ek hai.
Surah 90 : 16
اَوْ مِسْكِیْنًا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍؕ
Ya kisi khaak-saar miskeen ko khana khilana.
Yeh ayat un azeem nekion mein se ek hai jo 'aqabah' (mushkil ghaati) ko paar karne ke liye zaroori hain. Is mein 'miskeenan zaa matrabah' ka zikr hai, yaani woh miskeen jo shiddat-e-ghurbat ki wajah se mitti mein mila hua ho, yaani intehai muhtaj aur be-sahara ho. Aise shakhs ko khana khilana, jo apni ghurbat ki wajah se zameen par pada ho, Allah Ta'ala ki nazar mein bahut pasandeeda amal hai. Yeh sirf khana khilana nahi, balkay ek aise insaan ki madad karna hai jo samaj mein sab se kamzor aur be-aasra ho. Is mein insaniyat ke liye behtareen hamdardi aur reham dili ka izhaar hai, jo musalman ke kirdar ka bunyadi juzv hai. Is amal se Allah ki raza aur jannat ka husool hota hai.
Surah 90 : 17
ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَ تَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَ تَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِؕ
Phir woh un logon mein se ho jo Imaan laaye aur ek doosre ko sabr ki naseehat karte rahe aur ek doosre ko reham ki naseehat karte rahe.
Yeh ayat un logon ki sifaton ko bayan karti hai jo 'aqabah' ko paar karne mein kamyab honge. Nek amal karne ke baad, unka Imaan bil-Allah (Allah par Imaan) hona zaroori hai. Sirf zahiri amal kafi nahi, balkay dil mein Allah aur uske Rasool par pukhta yaqeen bhi ho. Iske sath hi, woh log ek doosre ko sabr ki naseehat karte hain. Sabr ka matlab sirf mushkilat par sabr karna nahi, balkay Allah ke ahkamat par qaim rehne, gunahon se bachne aur ibadat mein mustaqil mizaji dikhane par bhi sabr karna hai. Mazeed, woh ek doosre ko reham ki naseehat karte hain. Yaani, Allah ki makhlooq par narmi, shafqat aur hamdardi ka muzahira karna. Yeh teenon sifaten – Imaan, Sabr aur Reham – ek kamil musalman ki pehchan hain aur jannat ki taraf le jane wale raaste ki bunyad hain.
Surah 90 : 18
اُولٰٓئِكَ اَصْحٰبُ الْمَیْمَنَةِؕ
Yahi log hain daayein haath walay (jannati).
Is ayat mein un logon ke anjaam ka elaan kiya gaya hai jinhon ne pichli ayaton mein bayan kiye gaye nek aamal (ghulam azad karna, yateem aur miskeen ko khana khilana) kiye aur Imaan lakar sabr aur reham ki talqeen ki. Allah Ta'ala farmata hai ke 'Ulaaika Ashaabul Maimanah', yaani yahi log daayein haath walay hain. Daayein haath walay hone ka matlab hai kamyabi, khush-qismati aur jannat mein dakhila. Qayamat ke din aamal-name daayein ya baayein haath mein diye jayenge. Jin ko daayein haath mein milenge, woh kamyab honge aur jannat mein jayenge. Yeh ayat un logon ke liye khushkhabri hai jo Allah ke ahkamat par chalte hain aur uski makhlooq par reham karte hain.
Surah 90 : 19
وَ الَّذِیْنَ كَفَرُوْا بِاٰیٰتِنَا هُمْ اَصْحٰبُ الْمَشْئَمَةِؕ
Aur jin logon ne hamari ayaton ka inkar kiya, woh baayein haath walay (jahannami) hain.
Is ayat mein un logon ka zikr hai jo Allah Ta'ala ki ayaton ka inkar karte hain. Pichli ayat mein jannatiyon ka zikr tha, jabkay is ayat mein jahannami logon ki nishandahi ki ja rahi hai. 'Wal-lazeena kafaru bi-ayaatina hum ashaabul mash'amah', yaani woh log jinhon ne hamari nishaniyon aur ahkamat ko jhutlaya, woh baayein haath walay hain. Baayein haath walay hone ka matlab hai bad-qismati, nakami aur jahannam ka mustahiq hona. Yeh un logon ka anjaam hai jo Allah ki wahdaniyat, uske Rasoolon aur uski kitabon par Imaan nahi late aur uske ahkamat ko nazar-andaaz karte hain. Yeh ayat ek sakht tanbeeh hai un logon ke liye jo haqiqat se munh modte hain.
Surah 90 : 20
عَلَیْهِمْ نَارٌ مُّؤْصَدَةٌ۠
Un par aag hogi jo har taraf se band ki hui hogi.
Yeh ayat un logon ke anjaam ko mazeed wazeh karti hai jinhon ne Allah ki ayaton ka inkar kiya. Un par 'naarun mu'sadah' hogi, yaani aisi aag jo har taraf se band ki hui hogi, jis se nikalne ka koi rasta nahi hoga. 'Mu'sadah' ka matlab hai band ki hui, ghiri hui, ya qaid ki hui. Yeh tasveer jahannam ki shiddat aur us mein qaid hone walon ki mayoosi ko bayan karti hai. Wahan se farar ka koi imkan nahi hoga aur azab ki shiddat mein koi kami nahi aayegi. Yeh ayat insanon ko Allah ke azab se darati hai aur unhein Imaan aur nek aamal ki taraf raghib karti hai taake woh is dardnak anjaam se bach saken.
