Surah Al-Alaq ek Makki Surah hai aur iski ibtedayi aayat Quran-e-Majeed ki pehli wahi hain. Is Surah ki Markazi Theme 'Ilm ki ahmiyat aur insaan ki sarkashi' hai. Allah ne 'Iqra' (Parh!) ke hukm se shuruaat ki aur farmaya ke Apne Rabb ke naam se parho Jisne insaan ko jame hue khoon ke ek lothray se paida kiya aur use qalam ke zariye woh ilm sikhaya jo woh nahi janta tha. Surah ke doosre hissay mein insaan ki us fitrat ka zikr hai ke jab woh khud ko ghani (wealthy) samajhta hai to sarkashi par utar aata hai, halanke use apne Rabb ki taraf hi lautna hai. Ismein Abu Jahl ki misaal di gayi hai jo Nabi {ص} ko namaz se rokta tha. Allah ne sakht onbeeh (warning) di ke agar woh baaz na aaya to Hum use peshani ke baalon se pakar kar ghasitenge. Aakhir mein momineen ko hukm diya gaya ke woh in dushmanon ki parwah na karein balkeh Allah ke samne 'Sajda karein aur Uske qareeb ho jayein'.
Surah 96 : 0
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah ke Naam se, jo bada Meherbaan, Nihayat Reham waala hai.
Yeh mubarak ayat har achhe kaam ki ibtida mein padhi jati hai, taake us kaam mein Allah Ta'ala ki barkat aur madad shamil ho. Is mein Allah ke do azeem sifati naam Ar-Rahman aur Ar-Rahim bayan kiye gaye hain. Ar-Rahman us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat tamam makhlooq ke liye aam hai, chahe woh momin ho ya kafir. Jabke Ar-Rahim us zaat ko kehte hain jiski rehmat khaas taur par sirf momineen ke liye hai, khaas kar Aakhirat mein. Is tarah, Bismillah kehne se hum Allah ki wasee rehmat aur uski khaas shafqat dono ka iqrar karte hain, aur uski panah aur madad talab karte hain.
Surah 96 : 1
اِقْرَاْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِیْ خَلَقَۚ
Parhiye apne Rab ke naam se jisne paida kiya.
Yeh Ayat Quran Majeed ki pehli wahi hai jo Nabi Akram ﷺ par nazil hui. Ismein Allah Ta'ala ne apne Nabi ko 'Parhne' ka hukm diya, aur is hukm ko apne Rab ke naam se shuru karne ki talqeen ki, jisne har cheez ko paida kiya. Isse ilm ki buniyad aur uski ibtida Allah ke naam se karne ki ahmiyat wazeh hoti hai. Har kaam Allah ke naam se shuru karna barkat ka ba'is hota hai, aur ilm ka husool bhi isi usool par mabni hai. Allah Ta'ala ki zaat hi har ilm aur hikmat ka sarchashma hai, aur uski qudrat ka saboot uski takhleeq mein hai.
Surah 96 : 2
خَلَقَ الْاِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍۚ
Usne insaan ko jamay hue khoon (ke lothre) se paida kiya.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne insaan ki takhleeq ka zikr farmaya hai, ke usne insaan ko 'alaq' se paida kiya. 'Alaq' se murad jam'a hua khoon ya woh chiz hai jo latak jaati hai, jaisa ke maa ke reham mein bachche ki ibtidai shakl hoti hai. Yeh insaan ki ibtidai aur kamzor haalat ki nishandahi karta hai, taake insaan apni asal ko na bhoole aur Allah ki qudrat ka idraak kare. Isse yeh bhi wazeh hota hai ke Allah Ta'ala ne ek mamooli cheez se itni azeem makhlooq ko wajood bakhsha, jo uski be-misaal qudrat ki nishani hai. Insaan ko apni ibtida par ghaur karna chahiye.
Surah 96 : 3
اِقْرَاْ وَ رَبُّكَ الْاَكْرَمُۙ
Parhiye, aur aapka Rab nihayat kareem hai.
Dobara 'Parhne' ka hukm diya gaya hai, aur is baar Allah Ta'ala ki sifate 'Al-Akram' (nihayat kareem) ka zikr kiya gaya hai. Iska matlab hai ke Allah Ta'ala nihayat fayaaz aur meherban hai, jo apne bandon ko ilm aur hikmat ata karta hai. Woh sirf paida karne wala hi nahi, balkay ilm sikhane wala aur har qism ki ne'matain bakhshne wala bhi hai. Is Ayat mein ilm ki talab ko Allah ki kareemi se joda gaya hai, jo is baat ki daleel hai ke ilm ka husool Allah ki taraf se ek azeem inaam hai. Allah ki kareemi ka taqaza hai ke woh insaan ko ilm se nawaze.
Surah 96 : 4
الَّذِیْ عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِۙ
Jisne qalam ke zariye ilm sikhaya.
Is Ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne apni ek aur azeem ne'mat ka zikr kiya hai, ke usne qalam ke zariye ilm sikhaya. Qalam ilm ko mehfooz karne aur usay naslon tak muntaqil karne ka sabse bada zariya hai. Allah Ta'ala ne insaan ko likhne ki salahiyat ata farmai, jiski wajah se ilm ki taraqqi hui aur insani tehzeeb ne urooj paya. Qalam ki ahmiyat is baat se bhi wazeh hoti hai ke Allah Ta'ala ne iski qasam khai hai (Surah Al-Qalam, Ayat 1). Yeh ilm ki ahmiyat aur usay likh kar mehfooz karne ki targheeb deta hai, taake aane wali naslen bhi faida utha saken.
Surah 96 : 5
عَلَّمَ الْاِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ یَعْلَمْؕ
Usne insaan ko woh sikhaya jo woh nahi jaanta tha.
Yeh Ayat Allah Ta'ala ki be-inteha qudrat aur hikmat ko bayan karti hai, ke usne insaan ko woh sikhaya jo woh nahi jaanta tha. Insaan paidaishi taur par jahil hota hai, aur Allah Ta'ala hi usay ilm, samajh aur shaoor ata karta hai. Chahe woh wahi ke zariye ho ya mushahide aur tajurbe ke zariye. Isse insaan ko apni kam-ilmi ka ehsaas hota hai aur woh Allah ki bargah mein ajizi ikhtiyar karta hai. Yeh Ayat ilm ki har qism ko Allah ki taraf se ek inaam qarar deti hai, chahe woh deeni ho ya dunyawi. Allah hi ilm ka asal maalik aur sikhane wala hai.
Surah 96 : 6
كَلَّاۤ اِنَّ الْاِنْسَانَ لَیَطْغٰۤى
Hargiz nahi! Beshak insaan sargashi karta hai,
In ayaton mein Allah Ta'ala insaan ki fitrat ka zikr farma rahe hain. Farmaya gaya ke hargiz nahi, beshak insaan sargashi karta hai aur hadd se guzar jata hai. Yeh insaan ki fitri kamzori hai ke jab woh khud ko kisi cheez mein mukammal aur be-niyaz samajhta hai, to woh Allah ke ahkamat se ghafil ho jata hai. Woh apni hadood ko bhool jata hai aur takabbur mein mubtala ho kar zulm-o-sitam karne lagta hai. Is ayat mein har us shakhs ki taraf ishara hai jo duniya ki daulat aur martabe ki wajah se Allah ki itaat se munh mod leta hai.
Imam Qurtubi (rh) ne farmaya ke is ayat mein har us shakhs ki taraf ishara hai jo duniya ki daulat aur martabe ki wajah se Allah ki itaat se munh mod leta hai.
Surah 96 : 7
اَنْ رَّاٰهُ اسْتَغْنٰىؕ
Is wajah se ke woh apne aap ko be-niyaz dekhta hai.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki wazahat hai. Insaan ki sargashi aur hadd se guzar jane ki asal wajah yeh hai ke jab woh apne aap ko be-niyaz dekhta hai. Yani, jab insaan ko maal-o-daulat, ikhtiyar, ya taqat hasil ho jati hai, aur woh khud ko ghani aur doosron se be-parwah samajhne lagta hai, to woh Allah Ta'ala ke ahkamat se ghafil ho jata hai aur nafarmani par utar aata hai. Woh apni hadood ko bhool jata hai aur takabbur mein mubtala ho kar zulm-o-sitam karne lagta hai. Yeh insani fitrat ka ek kamzor pehlu hai jise Quran ne wazeh kiya hai, aur iska natija aksar Allah ki nafarmani ki surat mein zahir hota hai.
Surah 96 : 8
اِنَّ اِلٰى رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعٰىؕ
Beshak tere Rab hi ki taraf lautna hai.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala sargashi karne wale insaan ko tanbeeh farma rahe hain ke beshak tere Rab hi ki taraf lautna hai. Yani, tum kitni bhi sargashi kar lo, kitne bhi takabbur mein mubtala ho jao, aur kitni bhi hadd se guzar jao, aakhir mein tum sab ko apne Rab ke paas hi wapas jana hai. Wahan tumhare har amal ka hisab liya jayega aur har sargashi ka badla diya jayega. Yeh ayat insaan ko uski haqeeqat aur uske anjaam ki yaad dilati hai, taake woh apni sargashi se baaz aa jaye aur Allah ke ahkamat ki pabandi kare. Yeh aakhirat par yaqeen aur Allah ki bargah mein jawabdehi ka ehsaas paida karti hai.
Hadees mein aata hai ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya: "Har nafs ko maut ka maza chakhna hai, aur tum apne ajr poore poore qiyamat ke din diye jaoge." (Surah Aal-e-Imran 3:185)
Surah 96 : 9
اَرَءَیْتَ الَّذِیْ یَنْهٰىۙ
Kya aapne us shakhs ko dekha jo rokta hai,
In ayaton mein Allah Ta'ala ek khaas waqiye ki taraf ishara kar rahe hain aur Nabi ﷺ se mukhatib ho kar pooch rahe hain: "Kya aapne us shakhs ko dekha jo rokta hai?" Mufassireen ki aksariyat ke mutabiq, yahan us shakhs se murad Abu Jahl hai, jo Nabi ﷺ ko Kaaba mein namaz padhne se roka karta tha aur unhe dhamkiyan deta tha. Yeh ayat namaz ki ahmiyat aur usay ada karne wale ki fazilat ko bayan karti hai, jabke namaz se rokne wale ki mazammat aur uske bure anjaam ki taraf ishara karti hai. Allah Ta'ala aise logon ko sakht tanbeeh farma rahe hain jo Allah ki ibadat mein rukawat dalte hain.
Surah 96 : 10
عَبْدًا اِذَا صَلّٰىؕ
Ek bande ko jab woh namaz padhta hai?
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki takmeel hai, jismein Allah Ta'ala us shakhs ki taraf ishara kar rahe hain jo ek bande ko jab woh namaz padhta hai, rokta hai. Is bande se murad Rasoolullah ﷺ hain, jinko Abu Jahl namaz padhne se mana karta tha. Is mein namaz ki ahmiyat aur usay ada karne wale ki fazilat hai, aur namaz se rokne wale ki mazammat hai. Namaz Allah ke huzoor bandagi ka izhaar hai, aur is mein rukawat dalna Allah ki nafarmani hai. Allah Ta'ala aise logon ko sakht tanbeeh farma rahe hain jo Allah ki ibadat mein rukawat dalte hain aur unhe is bure amal se baaz rehne ka hukm de rahe hain.
Sahih Muslim mein Hazrat Abu Hurairah (RA) se riwayat hai ke Abu Jahl ne Nabi ﷺ ko namaz padhne se roka tha, jis par yeh ayatein nazil hui.
Surah 96 : 11
اَرَءَیْتَ اِنْ كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدٰۤى
Kya tumne dekha agar woh hidayat par ho?
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala us shakhs (Abu Jahl ya koi bhi kafir) se mukhatib hai jo Rasoolullah ﷺ ko namaz padhne se rokta tha. Sawal kiya ja raha hai ke agar woh shakhs jise tum namaz padhne se rok rahe ho, woh khud hidayat par ho, ya'ni Allah ke bataye hue seedhe raaste par chal raha ho, to tumhara yeh amal kitna ghalat hai? Yeh darasal us rokne wale ki jahalat aur zulm ko wazeh karta hai. Quran yahan ek ajeeb surat-e-haal pesh karta hai jahan ek shakhs dusre ko neki aur hidayat se rok raha hai, jabke rokne wala khud gumrahi mein mubtala hai.
Surah 96 : 12
اَوْ اَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوٰىؕ
Ya taqwa ka hukm deta ho?
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ki takmeel hai. Is mein mazeed sawal kiya ja raha hai ke agar woh shakhs jise tum rok rahe ho, woh sirf hidayat par hi nahi, balkay logon ko taqwa (Allah ka khauf aur parhezgari) ka hukm bhi deta ho, to usay rokna kitna bada jurm hai? Taqwa ka hukm dena behtareen akhlaq aur deeni zimmedari hai. Is se zahir hota hai ke rokne wala shakhs na sirf hidayat se mehroom hai, balkay woh logon ko neki aur bhalai ki taraf bulane walon ki raah mein rukawat bhi ban raha hai. Yeh uski sar_kashi aur haq se inkar ki inteha ko bayan karta hai.
Surah 96 : 13
اَرَءَیْتَ اِنْ كَذَّبَ وَ تَوَلّٰىؕ
Kya tumne dekha agar woh jhutlaye aur munh phere?
Ab sawal ka rukh badal diya gaya hai. Pichli ayaton mein us shakhs ki baat thi jise roka ja raha tha, ab us rokne wale shakhs ki baat ho rahi hai. Allah Ta'ala us rokne wale se mukhatib hokar farmata hai ke kya tumne dekha agar woh (rokne wala) haq ko jhutlaye aur us se munh phere? Ya'ni, agar woh shakhs jo logon ko hidayat aur taqwa se rok raha hai, woh khud Allah ki ayaton aur Rasool ki taleemat ko jhutla raha ho aur haq se inkar kar raha ho, to uska anjaam kya hoga? Yeh ayat uski gumrahi aur zid ko wazeh karti hai aur aane wale anjaam ki taraf ishara karti hai.
Surah 96 : 14
اَلَمْ یَعْلَمْ بِاَنَّ اللّٰهَ یَرٰىؕ
Kya woh nahi jaanta ke Allah dekh raha hai?
Yeh ayat ek sakht tanbeeh (warning) hai us shakhs ke liye jo haq se munh modta hai aur logon ko neki se rokta hai. Allah Ta'ala us se sawal karta hai ke kya woh nahi jaanta ke Allah uske har amal ko dekh raha hai? Is mein uske liye ek zabardast dhamki hai ke uske tamam af'aal Allah ki nigrani mein hain. Koi bhi amal, chahe woh zahiri ho ya batini, Allah se chupa hua nahi hai. Is ayat ka maqsad insaan ko Allah ki hazri aur uske ilm-e-kamil ka ehsaas dilana hai, taake woh apne bure af'aal se baaz aa jaye. Allah ki nigrani ka ilm insaan ko gunahon se rokne ka sabse bada zariya hai.
Surah 96 : 15
كَلَّا لَئِنْ لَّمْ یَنْتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًۢا بِالنَّاصِیَةِ
Hargiz nahi! Agar woh baaz na aaya, to hum uski peshani pakad kar ghasitenge.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala us sar_kash shakhs ko do-tok jawab de raha hai jo haq se inkar karta hai aur logon ko neki se rokta hai. Farmaya gaya ke hargiz nahi! Agar woh apne in af'aal se baaz na aaya, to hum uski peshani (naasiyah) pakad kar ghasitenge. 'Naasiyah' se murad peshani hai, aur peshani pakad kar ghasitna intehai zillat aur ruswai ki alamat hai. Yeh uske liye sakht tareen wa'eed hai ke Qayamat ke din usay zaleel-o-khwar kiya jayega. Yeh is baat ki daleel hai ke Allah Ta'ala zalimon aur haq se inkar karne walon ko kabhi maaf nahi karega jab tak woh tauba na kar lein.
Surah 96 : 16
نَاصِیَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍۚ
Jhooti, khata-kaar peshani ko.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne us shakhs (Abu Jahl) ki peshani ko jhoota aur khata-kaar qaraar diya hai jo Nabi Akram ﷺ ko namaz padhne se rok raha tha. Peshani se muraad us shakhs ki zaat hai, aur uski sifaat ko peshani se mansoob kiya gaya hai kyunki peshani takabbur aur fakhriya andaaz ka markaz hoti hai. Jab koi shakhs takabbur mein hota hai to uski peshani tan jati hai.
Uski peshani ko "jhoota" is liye kaha gaya hai kyunki uske da'we aur aqwaal haqeeqat ke khilaaf the, aur woh Allah ki wahdaniyat aur Nabi ﷺ ki risalat ka inkar karta tha. "Khata-kaar" is liye kaha gaya hai kyunki uske af'aal aur irade gunah aur nafarmani par mabni the, khaas taur par Allah ke bandon ko ibadat se rokna. Yeh darasal uske bure kirdar aur uski gumrahi ki nishandahi hai.
Surah 96 : 17
فَلْیَدْعُ نَادِیَهٗۙ
To woh bula le apni mehfil (jamaat) ko.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ke silsile mein hai aur Abu Jahl ko challenge karti hai. Jab usne Nabi Akram ﷺ ko dhamki di thi ke agar aap namaz padhenge to woh aapko roke ga aur uske paas bahut log hain jo uski himayat karenge, to Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke agar woh itna taqatwar samajhta hai to apni mehfil, yani apne sathi aur hamaytiyon ko bula le.
"Nadi" us jagah ko kehte hain jahan log jama hote hain aur mashwara karte hain. Yahan is se muraad uske qabile ke log aur uske madadgar hain jin par usko fakhr tha. Allah Ta'ala usko khuli chunauti de rahe hain ke woh apne tamam madadgaron ko jama kar le taake dekha ja sake ke kaun zyada taqatwar hai aur kiski madad zyada qawi hai. Yeh darasal uski be-basi aur Allah ki qudrat-e-kaamila ka izhar hai, aur yeh bataya ja raha hai ke dunya ki koi taqat Allah ke irade ko nahi rok sakti.
Surah 96 : 18
سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِیَةَۙ
Hum bhi bula lenge dozakh ke farishton ko.
Yeh ayat pichli ayat ka Allah Ta'ala ki taraf se do-tok jawab hai. Jab Abu Jahl ne apne sathi aur hamaytiyon ko bulane ki baat ki, to Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya ke hum bhi "Zabaniyah" ko bula lenge. Zabaniyah dozakh ke woh sakht aur taqatwar farishte hain jo Allah ke hukm se azaab dene par mamoor hain.
Is ayat mein Allah Ta'ala ne apni azmat aur qudrat ka izhar farmaya hai. Insan ke paas kitni bhi taqat aur jamaat kyun na ho, woh Allah ke muqable mein kuch bhi nahi. Agar woh apne doston ko bulayega to Allah aise farishton ko bula lenge jinse koi muqabla nahi kar sakta. Yeh uske liye ek sakht dhamki aur tanbeeh hai ke woh apni sar-kashi se baaz aa jaye, warna usko shadeed azaab ka samna karna padega.
Surah 96 : 19
كَلَّا١ؕ لَا تُطِعْهُ وَ اسْجُدْ وَ اقْتَرِبْ۠۩
Hargiz nahi! Uski baat na maano aur sajda karo aur (Allah ke) qareeb ho jao.
Yeh ayat Abu Jahl ki dhamkiyon aur uski na-farmani se mukammal inkar ka izhar karti hai. Allah Ta'ala Nabi Akram ﷺ ko aur unke zariye tamam momineen ko hukm de rahe hain ke "hargiz uski baat na maano". Yani uski dhamkiyon aur uske rokne par koi tawajjuh na do aur uske hukm ki pairwi na karo.
Balke, iske bar-aks, "sajda karo aur (Allah ke) qareeb ho jao". Sajda Allah Ta'ala ke samne intehai aajizi aur ghulami ka izhar hai. Jab banda sajde mein hota hai to woh apne Rab ke sabse zyada qareeb hota hai. Is hukm mein yeh paigham hai ke dushman ki dhamkiyon se ghabrane ke bajaye, Allah ki ibadat mein aur zyada mashgool ho jao aur uski raza hasil karne ki koshish karo. Sajda-e-Tilawat is ayat ki tilawat par wajib hota hai, jo is baat ki mazeed takeed hai ke Allah ke samne jhukna hi asal kamyabi hai.
